Preposition-Dependent Verbs and Adjectives Tanto em inglês como em português existem certas palavras, especialmente verbos e adjetivos, que quase sempre são acompanhados de uma determinada preposição, tornando-se dessa forma inseparáveis. Uma vez que dificilmente pode-se estabelecer uma correlação direta e consistente entre preposições do inglês e do português, uma lista dessas palavras dependentes de preposições pode ajudar o aluno a evitar o uso incorreto de preposições.
A diferença entre preposition-dependent verbs (PDV) e multi-words verbs, é que nos primeiros, a ocorrência da preposição não altera o significado do verbo, enquanto que nos multi-word verbs, o verbo pode também ocorrer sem a preposição, mas quando ocorrer com a preposição, haverá provavelmente uma significativa alteração de significado. PDVs podem ser considerados um subcategoria de prepositional verbs (inseparable two-word verbs).
| abstain from accuse someone of add something to something adhere to advise someone to agree on/with aim at/for allow for apologize for apply to/for approve of argue with/about arise from arrest someone for arrive in/at ask for attend to believe in belong to beware of blame someone for boast about borrow something from someone brag about buy something for someone care about/for choose between comment on compare to/with complain about/of comply with conceal something from concentrate on condemn someone for conform to congratulate someone on/for something consent to consist of contribute to cook something for someone count on/upon cure someone of a disease | decide about/on/upon depend on/upon disagree on/with discriminate against distinguish from do research on/into/about do something for someone dream of/about excel in exchange something for excuse someone for expect someone to find something for someone fine someone for forget about forgive someone for give something to someone hope for interfere with/in introduce to invite someone to leave for some place leave something for someone lend something to someone listen to long for mistake someone for | offer something to someone pay for something pay something to someone persist in praise someone for pray for prepare for present someone with prevent someone/something from prohibit someone from protect someone/something from protest about provide someone/something with punish someone for refer to rely on/upon rescue from respond to |
absent from accused of/by accustomed to acquainted with addicted to adjacent to afraid of / to (infinitive) angry at annoyed with/by associated with aware of bored with/by close to cluttered with committed to compatible with composed of concerned about confronted with connected to conscious of consistent with content with contrary to convinced of coordinated with covered with crowded with | devoted to disappointed with discriminated against divorced from done with dressed in envious of equipped with equivalent to excited about exhausted from exposed to familiar with filled with finished with fond of friendly to/with frightened of/by full of furnished with grateful to/for guilty of interested in invited to involved in | located in married to pleased with polite to prepared for protected from proud of relevant to remembered for responsible for scared of/by suitable for tired of/from used to useful to |
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Prepositions and Phrasal Verbs
Preposition Basics
Phrasal Verbs
Mixed Prepositions
--------------
A preposition describes a relationship between other words in a sentence. In itself, a word like "in" or "after" is rather meaningless and hard to define in mere words. For instance, when you do try to define a preposition like "in" or "between" or "on," you invariably use your hands to show how something is situated in relationship to something else. Prepositions are nearly always combined with other words in structures called prepositional phrases. Prepositional phrases can be made up of a million different words, but they tend to be built the same: a preposition followed by a determiner and an adjective or two, followed by a pronoun or noun (called the object of the preposition). This whole phrase, in turn, takes on a modifying role, acting as an adjective or an adverb, locating something in time and space, modifying a noun, or telling when or where or under what conditions something happened.
Consider the professor's desk and all the prepositional phrases we can use while talking about it.
Is it any wonder that prepositions create such troubles for students for whom English is a second language? We say we are at the hospital to visit a friend who is in the hospital. We lie in bed but on the couch. We watch a film at the theater but on television. For native speakers, these little words present little difficulty, but try to learn another language, any other language, and you will quickly discover that prepositions are troublesome wherever you live and learn. This page contains some interesting (sometimes troublesome) prepositions with brief usage notes. To address all the potential difficulties with prepositions in idiomatic usage would require volumes, and the only way English language learners can begin to master the intricacies of preposition usage is through practice and paying close attention to speech and the written word. Keeping a good dictionary close at hand (to hand?) is an important first step.
Prepositions of Movement: to
A combination of verb and preposition is called a phrasal verb. The word that is joined to the verb is then called a particle. Please refer to the brief section we have prepared on phrasal verbs for an explanation.
You can wear that outfit in summer and in winter.
The female was both attracted by and distracted by the male's dance.
Consider the professor's desk and all the prepositional phrases we can use while talking about it.
You can sit before the desk (or in front of the desk). The professor can sit on the desk (when he's being informal) or behind the desk, and then his feet are under the desk or beneath the desk. He can stand beside the desk (meaning next to the desk), before the desk, between the desk and you, or even on the desk (if he's really strange). If he's clumsy, he can bump into the desk or try to walk through the desk (and stuff would fall off the desk). Passing his hands over the desk or resting his elbows upon the desk, he often looks across the desk and speaks of the desk or concerning the desk as if there were nothing else like the desk. Because he thinks of nothing except the desk, sometimes you wonder about the desk, what's in the desk, what he paid for the desk, and if he could live without the desk. You can walk toward the desk, to the desk, around the desk, by the desk, and even past the desk while he sits at the desk or leans against the desk.
All of this happens, of course, in time: during the class, before the class, until the class, throughout the class, after the class, etc. And the professor can sit there in a bad mood [another adverbial construction].
Those words in bold blue font are all prepositions. Some prepositions do other things besides locate in space or time — "My brother is like my father." "Everyone in the class except me got the answer." — but nearly all of them modify in one way or another. It is possible for a preposition phrase to act as a noun — "During a church service is not a good time to discuss picnic plans" or "In the South Pacific is where I long to be" — but this is seldom appropriate in formal or academic writing.
Click HERE for a list of common prepositions that will be easy to print out. You may have learned that ending a sentence with a preposition is a serious breach of grammatical etiquette. It doesn't take a grammarian to spot a sentence-ending preposition, so this is an easy rule to get caught up on (!). Although it is often easy to remedy the offending preposition, sometimes it isn't, and repair efforts sometimes result in a clumsy sentence. "Indicate the book you are quoting from" is not greatly improved with "Indicate from which book you are quoting." Based on shaky historical precedent, the rule itself is a latecomer to the rules of writing. Those who dislike the rule are fond of recalling Churchill's rejoinder: "That is nonsense up with which I shall not put." We should also remember the child's complaint: "What did you bring that book that I don't like to be read to out of up for?" |
Is it any wonder that prepositions create such troubles for students for whom English is a second language? We say we are at the hospital to visit a friend who is in the hospital. We lie in bed but on the couch. We watch a film at the theater but on television. For native speakers, these little words present little difficulty, but try to learn another language, any other language, and you will quickly discover that prepositions are troublesome wherever you live and learn. This page contains some interesting (sometimes troublesome) prepositions with brief usage notes. To address all the potential difficulties with prepositions in idiomatic usage would require volumes, and the only way English language learners can begin to master the intricacies of preposition usage is through practice and paying close attention to speech and the written word. Keeping a good dictionary close at hand (to hand?) is an important first step.
Prepositions of Time: at, on, and in
We use at to designate specific times.
The train is due at 12:15 p.m.
The train is due at 12:15 p.m.We use on to designate days and dates.
My brother is coming on Monday.
We're having a party on the Fourth of July.
My brother is coming on Monday.We're having a party on the Fourth of July.We use in for nonspecific times during a day, a month, a season, or a year.
She likes to jog in the morning.
It's too cold in winter to run outside.
He started the job in 1971.
He's going to quit in August.
She likes to jog in the morning.It's too cold in winter to run outside.He started the job in 1971.He's going to quit in August.Prepositions of Place: at, on, and in
We use at for specific addresses.
Grammar English lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.
Grammar English lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.We use on to designate names of streets, avenues, etc.
Her house is on Boretz Road.
Her house is on Boretz Road.And we use in for the names of land-areas (towns, counties, states, countries, and continents).
She lives in Durham.
Durham is in Windham County.
Windham County is in Connecticut.
She lives in Durham.Durham is in Windham County.Windham County is in Connecticut. Prepositions of Location: in, at, and on | |||
| IN (the) bed* the bedroom the car (the) class* the library* school* | AT class* home the library* the office school* work | ON the bed* the ceiling the floor the horse the plane the train | NO PREPOSITION downstairs downtown inside outside upstairs uptown |
* You may sometimes use different prepositions for these locations. | |||
Prepositions of Movement: to
and No Preposition
We use to in order to express movement toward a place.
They were driving to work together.
She's going to the dentist's office this morning.
They were driving to work together.She's going to the dentist's office this morning.Toward and towards are also helpful prepositions to express movement. These are simply variant spellings of the same word; use whichever sounds better to you.
We're moving toward the light.
This is a big step towards the project's completion.
We're moving toward the light.This is a big step towards the project's completion. With the words home, downtown, uptown, inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs, we use no preposition.
Grandma went upstairs
Grandpa went home.
They both went outside.
Grandma went upstairsGrandpa went home.They both went outside.Prepositions of Time: for and since
We use for when we measure time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, years).
He held his breath for seven minutes.
She's lived there for seven years.
The British and Irish have been quarreling for seven centuries.
He held his breath for seven minutes.She's lived there for seven years.The British and Irish have been quarreling for seven centuries.We use since with a specific date or time.
He's worked here since 1970.
She's been sitting in the waiting room since two-thirty.
He's worked here since 1970.She's been sitting in the waiting room since two-thirty. Prepositions with Nouns, Adjectives, and Verbs.
Prepositions are sometimes so firmly wedded to other words that they have practically become one word. (In fact, in other languages, such as German, they would have become one word.) This occurs in three categories: nouns, adjectives, and verbs. NOUNS and PREPOSITIONS | ||
| approval of awareness of belief in concern for confusion about desire for | fondness for grasp of hatred of hope for interest in love of | need for participation in reason for respect for success in understanding of |
ADJECTIVES and PREPOSITIONS | ||
| afraid of angry at aware of capable of careless about familiar with | fond of happy about interested in jealous of made of married to | proud of similar to sorry for sure of tired of worried about |
VERBS and PREPOSITIONS | ||
| apologize for ask about ask for belong to bring up care for find out | give up grow up look for look forward to look up make up pay for | prepare for study for talk about think about trust in work for worry about |
A combination of verb and preposition is called a phrasal verb. The word that is joined to the verb is then called a particle. Please refer to the brief section we have prepared on phrasal verbs for an explanation.
Idiomatic Expressions with Prepositions
- agree to a proposal, with a person, on a price, in principle
- argue about a matter, with a person, for or against a proposition
- compare to to show likenesses, with to show differences (sometimes similarities)
- correspond to a thing, with a person
- differ from an unlike thing, with a person
- live at an address, in a house or city, on a street, with other people
Unnecessary Prepositions
In everyday speech, we fall into some bad habits, using prepositions where they are not necessary. It would be a good idea to eliminate these words altogether, but we must be especially careful not to use them in formal, academic prose.- She met
up withthe new coach in the hallway. - The book fell off
ofthe desk. - He threw the book out
ofthe window. - She wouldn't let the cat inside
ofthe house. [or use "in"] - Where did they go
to? - Put the lamp in back of the couch. [use "behind" instead]
- Where is your college
at?
Prepositions in Parallel Form
(Click HERE for a definition and discussion of parallelism.) When two words or phrases are used in parallel and require the same preposition to be idiomatically correct, the preposition does not have to be used twice.You can wear that outfit in summer and The female was both attracted However, when the idiomatic use of phrases calls for different prepositions, we must be careful not to omit one of them.
The children were interested in and disgusted by the movie.
It was clear that this player could both contribute to and learn from every game he played.
He was fascinated by and enamored of this beguiling woman.
The children were interested in and disgusted by the movie.It was clear that this player could both contribute to and learn from every game he played.He was fascinated by and enamored of this beguiling woman.
Recognizing Prepositions
Quiz on Prepositions
Prepositions at the Crossword
Prepositions at the Crossword II
Prepositions at the Crossword III
 | Guide to Grammar and Writing |  | | Principles of Composition | | | Index |
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For more about giving to Capital, write to CCC Foundation, 950 Main Street, Hartford, CT 06103. Phone (860) 906-5102 or email: jmcnamara@ccc.commnet.edu. Contributions are tax-deductible to the extent allowed by law.
For more about giving to Capital, write to CCC Foundation, 950 Main Street, Hartford, CT 06103. Phone (860) 906-5102 or email: jmcnamara@ccc.commnet.edu. Contributions are tax-deductible to the extent allowed by law.
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In
* no, na, em, dentro de Usos
cidades
estados
países
regiões
bairros
meses
anos
estações
séculos
períodos do dia [ morning, afternoon, evening]
Exemplos:
The machine is in the box. (dentro)
(A máquina está dentro da caixa)
Paul lives in Boston. (cidade)
(Paul mora em Boston)
He works in Texas. (estado)
(Ele trabalha no Texas)
They study in England. (país)
(Eles estudam na Inglaterra)
They will leave in November. (mês)
(Eles partirão em Novembro)
My brother was born in 1960. (ano)
(Meu irmão nasceu em 1960)
Mary will visit us in (the) Spring. (estação do ano)
(Mary nos visitará na primavera)
That author died in the nineteenth century. (século)
(Aquele autor morreu no século 19)
You walk in the morning. (período do dia - manhã)
(Você anda de manhã)
I sleep in the afternoon. (período do dia - tarde)
(Eu durmo à tarde)
He studies in the evening. (perído do dia - noite)
(Ele estuda à noite)
On * no, na, em, sobre
Usos
dias de semana
mês e ano
só o dia
ruas(sem número), avenidas e praças
estradas, rios, lagos, costa, sobre superfícies e fronteiras
Exemplos:
He goes to the beach on Mondays and Fridays. (dias da semana)
(Ele vai à praia as segundas e sextas)
Peter was born on April 18th. (dia e mês)
(Peter nasceu em 18 de abril)
We live on Summer trees street. (rua s/ número)
(Nós moramos na rua Summer trees)
They live on Texas avenue. (avenida)
(Eles moram na avenida Texas)
The show will be on Madison square. (praça)
(O show será na praça Madison)
Those people are sailing on the Mississipi river. (rio)
(Aquelas pessoas estão navegando no rio Mississipi)
Casos especiais
on page three
on television
on the radio
on the third floor
* * * *
on the(a) plane
on the(a) ship
on the(a) train
on the(a) boat
on the(a) bus
* * * *
in bed
in the (a) car
in the (a) truck
in the (a) taxi
At * no, na, em, junto a, posição em um ponto
Usos
lugares públicos
atividades de grupo (jogos)
casas, lojas
endereço(rua e número)
só número da casa
horas
festividades
idade
Exemplos:
We were at the bus station yesterday. (lugar público)
(Nós estivemos na estação de onibus ontem)
Our friends will be at the volley ball game tonight. (atividade de grupo)
(Nossos amigos estarão no jogo de volley esta noite)
Elizabeth was at her sister's last night. (casa)
(Elizabeth estava na casa da irmã dela na noite passada)
She bought her dress at Monica's . (loja)
(Ela comprou o vestido dela na Monica's)
They live at 72 Washington street. (rua e número da casa)
(Eles moram na rua Washington número 72)
They live on Washington street at number 72. (somente o número da casa)
(Eles moram na rua Washington no número 72)
The meeting will be at 8 o'clock. (horas)
(A reunião será às 8 horas)
The show will be at Christmas. (festividade)
(O show será no natal)
My brotherleft the navy at the age of 32. (idade)
(Meu irmão deixou a marinha com a idade de 32 anos)
Expressões com "at"
At first (no princípio)
At last (finalmente)
At once (imediatamente)
At times (às vezes)
At home (em casa)
At least (pelo menos)
At night (à noite)
At noon (ao meio dia)
At midnight (à meia noite)
Over * no, na , sobre
Usos
posição superior
Exemplos:
There are some birds flying over those trees.
(Exitem alguns pássaros voando acima daquelas árvores)
The lamp is overthose tables.
(A lâmpada está acima da mesa)
In front of * em frente de
Exemplos:
The boxes are in front ofthe store.
(As caixas estão em frente da loja)
She was in front of those people.
(Ela estava em frente daquelas pessoas)
Behind * atrás de
Exemplos:
Paul is behindthe building waiting.
(Paul está atrás do prédio esperando)
The child is behind the door.
(A criança está atrás da porta)
Beyond * além de
Exemplos:
Looking beyond this year, I see a good future.
(Olhando além deste ano, eu vejo um bom futuro)
She is living beyond the border.
(Ela está morando além da fronteira)
Under * embaixo de
Exemplos:
The equipment is under the tree.
(O equipamento está embaixo da àrvore)
The new employees are under our responsibility.
(Os novos empregados estão sob nossa responsabilidade)
Without * sem
Exemplos:
A city without history.
(Uma cidade sem história)
They drove into town without talking to each other.
(Eles dirigiram naquela cidade sem conversarem um com o outro)
Beside * ao lado de
Exemplos:
The telephone is beside the radio.
(O telefone está ao lado do rádio)
Peter is beside my son.
(Peter está ao lado do meu filho)
Above * acima de
Exemplos:
The student's name was written above my name.
(O nome do estudante estava escrito acima do meu nome)
Above us only the president.
(Acima de nós somente o presidente)
Below * abaixo de
Exemplos:
Below us, at our left, there was a big lake.
(Abaixo de nós, a nossa esquerda havia um grande lago)
Peter's name was there, below the others.
(O nome de Peter estava lá, abaixo dos outros)
Across * através, do outro lado
Exemplos:
The children swam across the river yesterday.
(As crianças nadaram através do rio ontem)
The library is across the street.
(A biblioteca é do outro lado da rua)
Along * ao longo
Exemplos:
The teachers were walking alongthe street.
(Os professores estavam andando ao longo da rua)
The boys were sailing along the river.
(Os garotos estavam navegando ao longo do rio)
Among * entre vários
Exemplos:
There was a stranger among us.
(Havia um estranho entre nós)
They are among friends.
(Eles estão entre amigos)
Between * entre dois
Exemplos:
Mary is sitting between the two boys.
(Mary estava sentada entre os dois garotos)
My mother put the document between two books.
(Minha mãe colocou o documento entre os dois livros)
Before * antes, perante
Exemplos:
Before seven o'clock he will be here.
(Antes das sete horas ele estará aqui)
I will be there before midnight.
(Eu estarei lá antes da meia-noite)
After * após
Exemplos:
George will be there after 7 o’clock.
(George estará lá após às sete horas)
We had dinner after the meeting.
(Nós tivemos o jantar após a reunião)
To * para (destino)
Exemplos:
My sister went to London.
(Minha irmã foi para Londres)
I asked someone the way to the town centre.
(Eu perguntei a alguém o caminho para o centro da cidade)
For * para (favor, benefício, propósito, fim, intenção)
* para (duração de tempo)
Exemplos:
My uncle brought this present for you. (benefício)
(Meu tio trouxe este presente para você)
People have come for participating. (finalidade)
(Pessoas têm vindo para participar)
That employee has been working here for ten years. (duração de tempo)
(Aquele empregado tem estado trabalhando aqui por dez anos)
She stayed there for a long time. (duração de tempo)
(Ela ficou lá por um longo tempo)
Since * desde
Exemplos:
I have been working here since 1984.
(Eu tenho estado trabalhando aqui desde 1984)
She has been waiting for you since three o’clock.
(Ela tem estado esperando por você desde as três horas)
From * de (procedência)
Exemplos:
They are from another country.
(Eles são de outro país)
The beer is imported from Germany.
(A cerveja é importada da Alemanha)
By * por, pelo, de
Exemplos:
This film was directed by Charles Chaplin.
(O filme foi dirigido por Charles Chaplin)
That book was written by Jorge Amado.
(Aquele livro foi escrito por Jorge Amado)
They went to Rio by bus.
(Eles foram para o Rio de onibus)
Of * de (posse)
Exemplos:
That necklace is made of pearls.
(Aquele colar é feito de pérolas)
The car of the company.
(O carro da companhia)
Preposições são palavras usadas com nomes para mostrar sua relação com outras palavras da sentença. A seguir, apresentamos as principais preposições em inglês e seu uso:
* no, na, em, dentro de Usos
cidades
estados
países
regiões
bairros
meses
anos
estações
séculos
períodos do dia [ morning, afternoon, evening]
Exemplos:
The machine is in the box. (dentro)
(A máquina está dentro da caixa)
Paul lives in Boston. (cidade)
(Paul mora em Boston)
He works in Texas. (estado)
(Ele trabalha no Texas)
They study in England. (país)
(Eles estudam na Inglaterra)
They will leave in November. (mês)
(Eles partirão em Novembro)
My brother was born in 1960. (ano)
(Meu irmão nasceu em 1960)
Mary will visit us in (the) Spring. (estação do ano)
(Mary nos visitará na primavera)
That author died in the nineteenth century. (século)
(Aquele autor morreu no século 19)
You walk in the morning. (período do dia - manhã)
(Você anda de manhã)
I sleep in the afternoon. (período do dia - tarde)
(Eu durmo à tarde)
He studies in the evening. (perído do dia - noite)
(Ele estuda à noite)
On * no, na, em, sobre
Usos
dias de semana
mês e ano
só o dia
ruas(sem número), avenidas e praças
estradas, rios, lagos, costa, sobre superfícies e fronteiras
Exemplos:
He goes to the beach on Mondays and Fridays. (dias da semana)
(Ele vai à praia as segundas e sextas)
Peter was born on April 18th. (dia e mês)
(Peter nasceu em 18 de abril)
We live on Summer trees street. (rua s/ número)
(Nós moramos na rua Summer trees)
They live on Texas avenue. (avenida)
(Eles moram na avenida Texas)
The show will be on Madison square. (praça)
(O show será na praça Madison)
Those people are sailing on the Mississipi river. (rio)
(Aquelas pessoas estão navegando no rio Mississipi)
Casos especiais
on page three
on television
on the radio
on the third floor
* * * *
on the(a) plane
on the(a) ship
on the(a) train
on the(a) boat
on the(a) bus
* * * *
in bed
in the (a) car
in the (a) truck
in the (a) taxi
At * no, na, em, junto a, posição em um ponto
Usos
lugares públicos
atividades de grupo (jogos)
casas, lojas
endereço(rua e número)
só número da casa
horas
festividades
idade
Exemplos:
We were at the bus station yesterday. (lugar público)
(Nós estivemos na estação de onibus ontem)
Our friends will be at the volley ball game tonight. (atividade de grupo)
(Nossos amigos estarão no jogo de volley esta noite)
Elizabeth was at her sister's last night. (casa)
(Elizabeth estava na casa da irmã dela na noite passada)
She bought her dress at Monica's . (loja)
(Ela comprou o vestido dela na Monica's)
They live at 72 Washington street. (rua e número da casa)
(Eles moram na rua Washington número 72)
They live on Washington street at number 72. (somente o número da casa)
(Eles moram na rua Washington no número 72)
The meeting will be at 8 o'clock. (horas)
(A reunião será às 8 horas)
The show will be at Christmas. (festividade)
(O show será no natal)
My brotherleft the navy at the age of 32. (idade)
(Meu irmão deixou a marinha com a idade de 32 anos)
Expressões com "at"
At first (no princípio)
At last (finalmente)
At once (imediatamente)
At times (às vezes)
At home (em casa)
At least (pelo menos)
At night (à noite)
At noon (ao meio dia)
At midnight (à meia noite)
Over * no, na , sobre
Usos
posição superior
Exemplos:
There are some birds flying over those trees.
(Exitem alguns pássaros voando acima daquelas árvores)
The lamp is overthose tables.
(A lâmpada está acima da mesa)
In front of * em frente de
Exemplos:
The boxes are in front ofthe store.
(As caixas estão em frente da loja)
She was in front of those people.
(Ela estava em frente daquelas pessoas)
Behind * atrás de
Exemplos:
Paul is behindthe building waiting.
(Paul está atrás do prédio esperando)
The child is behind the door.
(A criança está atrás da porta)
Beyond * além de
Exemplos:
Looking beyond this year, I see a good future.
(Olhando além deste ano, eu vejo um bom futuro)
She is living beyond the border.
(Ela está morando além da fronteira)
Under * embaixo de
Exemplos:
The equipment is under the tree.
(O equipamento está embaixo da àrvore)
The new employees are under our responsibility.
(Os novos empregados estão sob nossa responsabilidade)
Exemplos:
A city without history.
(Uma cidade sem história)
They drove into town without talking to each other.
(Eles dirigiram naquela cidade sem conversarem um com o outro)
Beside * ao lado de
Exemplos:
The telephone is beside the radio.
(O telefone está ao lado do rádio)
Peter is beside my son.
(Peter está ao lado do meu filho)
Above * acima de
Exemplos:
The student's name was written above my name.
(O nome do estudante estava escrito acima do meu nome)
Above us only the president.
(Acima de nós somente o presidente)
Below * abaixo de
Exemplos:
Below us, at our left, there was a big lake.
(Abaixo de nós, a nossa esquerda havia um grande lago)
Peter's name was there, below the others.
(O nome de Peter estava lá, abaixo dos outros)
Across * através, do outro lado
Exemplos:
The children swam across the river yesterday.
(As crianças nadaram através do rio ontem)
The library is across the street.
(A biblioteca é do outro lado da rua)
Along * ao longo
Exemplos:
The teachers were walking alongthe street.
(Os professores estavam andando ao longo da rua)
The boys were sailing along the river.
(Os garotos estavam navegando ao longo do rio)
Among * entre vários
Exemplos:
There was a stranger among us.
(Havia um estranho entre nós)
They are among friends.
(Eles estão entre amigos)
Between * entre dois
Exemplos:
Mary is sitting between the two boys.
(Mary estava sentada entre os dois garotos)
My mother put the document between two books.
(Minha mãe colocou o documento entre os dois livros)
Before * antes, perante
Exemplos:
Before seven o'clock he will be here.
(Antes das sete horas ele estará aqui)
I will be there before midnight.
(Eu estarei lá antes da meia-noite)
After * após
Exemplos:
George will be there after 7 o’clock.
(George estará lá após às sete horas)
We had dinner after the meeting.
(Nós tivemos o jantar após a reunião)
To * para (destino)
Exemplos:
My sister went to London.
(Minha irmã foi para Londres)
I asked someone the way to the town centre.
(Eu perguntei a alguém o caminho para o centro da cidade)
For * para (favor, benefício, propósito, fim, intenção)
* para (duração de tempo)
Exemplos:
My uncle brought this present for you. (benefício)
(Meu tio trouxe este presente para você)
People have come for participating. (finalidade)
(Pessoas têm vindo para participar)
That employee has been working here for ten years. (duração de tempo)
(Aquele empregado tem estado trabalhando aqui por dez anos)
She stayed there for a long time. (duração de tempo)
(Ela ficou lá por um longo tempo)
Since * desde
Exemplos:
I have been working here since 1984.
(Eu tenho estado trabalhando aqui desde 1984)
She has been waiting for you since three o’clock.
(Ela tem estado esperando por você desde as três horas)
From * de (procedência)
Exemplos:
They are from another country.
(Eles são de outro país)
The beer is imported from Germany.
(A cerveja é importada da Alemanha)
By * por, pelo, de
Exemplos:
This film was directed by Charles Chaplin.
(O filme foi dirigido por Charles Chaplin)
That book was written by Jorge Amado.
(Aquele livro foi escrito por Jorge Amado)
They went to Rio by bus.
(Eles foram para o Rio de onibus)
Of * de (posse)
Exemplos:
That necklace is made of pearls.
(Aquele colar é feito de pérolas)
The car of the company.
(O carro da companhia)
---------------
Prepositions
| | Time | Place |
| In | Meses: In January | Cidades: In London |
| Anos, séculos: in 1995 | Estados: In Arkansas | |
| Estações: in winter | Países: in Nicaragua | |
| Partes do dia: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening | Continentes: In Asia | |
On | Dias da semana: on Sunday | Ruas, avenidas, praças: on Portugal Avenue |
| Datas (mês +dia) on April the 3rd | ||
| Determinadas datas: On Christimas day | ||
At | Horas: at 7 | Endereços (rua +número): at 456 Lincoln St. |
| Certos feriados: At Christmas | Lugares públicos: at the club, at the airport, at a party |
Na dúvida, as sugestões abaixo podem ajudá-lo a resolvê-la, mas lembre-se: o uso nem sempre segue a regra geral.
Use in para indicar “dentro de alguma coisa”:
In the box
In the fridge
In a shop
In a garden
In France
Use on para indicar contato:
On a shelf
On a plate
On the grass
Use at para indicar um lugar definido. Nesse caso, seu sentido é o de “junto a”, “na”:
At the bus stop
At the top
At the bottom
Outras preposições:
| About: sobre, a respeito de: Tell me about your life. |
| Above: acima de: John’s apartment is above Mara’s. |
| Across: através de, do outro lado: The dog swam across the river. |
| After: depois de: She always arrives after 9 o’clock. |
| Against: contra: The motorbike was against the wall. |
| Among: entre (vários): The pencil was among the books. |
| Around: em volta de: They travelled all around the world. |
| Before: antes de: She never arrives before 7 o’clock. |
| Behind: atrás de: Tim is behind Peter. |
| Below: abaixo de: Mara lives below John. |
| Beside: ao lado de: The earphones are beside the monitor. |
| Besides: além de: Besides English, she can also speak Russian. |
| Between: entre (dois): He was sitting between the two old ladies. |
| Beyond: além de: The valley is beyond the mountains. |
| But: exceto: Everybody went to the party, but Philip. |
| By: por, junto, ao lado de: Let’s rest by the fireplace. They live by the sea. |
| Down: abaixo, para baixo Up: acima, para cima Their house is halfway down/up the hill |
| During: durante: He was in the army during the war. |
| For: a favor de: He who’s not for us is against us. |
| For: por, para, há (tempo) The train for Moscow leaves at noon. Fresh air is good for health. They’ve lived here for ages. |
| From: de (origem): Where are you from? |
| In front of: na frente de: Peter is in front of Tim. |
| Inside/outside: dentro de/fora de: Let the dog sleep inside/outside the house. |
| Instead of: em vez de: You should be studying instead of playing video-games. |
| Into: para dentro, em: The cars disappeared into the mist. |
| Like: como: What’s that like? |
| Near: perto de: The post office is near the cathedral. |
| Off: para fora (de uma superfície): Marky fell off his bike. |
| Out of: para fora de: Take these books out of the box. |
| Over: sobre, acima de, por cima de: There were over 1.000 people in the concert Throw the stone over the wall |
| Since: desde: I’ve known her since 1995. |
| Through: através de: The soldiers walked through the forest. |
| Till/until: até (tempo): The book won’t arrive till tomorrow. |
| To: para: People say that Teresa will go to France next week. |
| Towards: para, em direção a: The nasty boy threw the stone towards the window. |
| Under: em baixo de: the cat lays under the bed. |
| With/without: com/sem: Go with us! I can’t live without you. |
| Within: dentro de : The noise came from within the stable. |
-----------------------
Prepositions - Preposições
IN: indica que algo está DENTRO de alguma coisa
Exemplos:
There is some water in the bottle. (Há alguma água dentro da garrafa)
Look at those people swimming in the river. (Olhe aquelas pessoas nadando dentro do rio).
AT: indica o LOCAL EXATO no qual uma coisa está.
Exemplos:
There is somebody at the door. Shall I go and see who it is? (Há alguém na porta. Eu deveria ir e ver quem é?)
Who is that man standing at the bus stop? (Quem é aquele homem de pé no ponto de ônibus?).
When you leave the hotel, please leave your key at reception. (Quando você deixar o hotel, por favor, deixe sua chave na recepção).
Linda’s house is the blue one at the end of the street. (A casa de Linda é a azul no final da rua).
ON: indica que algo está na SUPERFÍCIE de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
There is a label on the bottle. (Há um rótulo na garrafa).
There is a notice on the door. It says ‘Do not disturb’. (Há um aviso na porta. Ele diz ‘Não incomode’).
BEHIND: indica que algo está ATRÁS de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
There is a gas station behind the hotel. (Há um posto de gasolina atrás do hotel).
The parking lot is behind the bank. (O estacionamento está atrás do banco).
UNDER: indica que algo está DEBAIXO de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
The wallet is under the newspaper. (A carteira está debaixo do jornal).
The notebooks are under the dictionary. (Os cadernos estão debaixo do dicionário).
NEXT TO: indica que algo está PRÓXIMO, AO LADO de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
The comb is next to the hairbrush. (O pente está ao lado da escova de cabelo).
There is a gas station next to the parking lot. (Há um posto de gasolina ao lado do estacionamento).
IN FRONT OF: indica que algo está NA FRENTE de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
The briefcase is in front of the television. (A maleta está na frente da televisão).
There is a newsstand in front of the hotel. (Há uma banca de jornal na frente do hotel).
NEAR: Indica que algo está PERTO de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
The umbrella is near the keys. (O guarda-chuva está perto das chaves).
The supermarket is near the store. (O supermercado é perto da loja).
BETWEEN: indica que algo está ENTRE duas coisas.
Exemplos:
The restaurant is between a drugstore and a bookstore. (O restaurante está entre a farmácia e a livraria).
Observação: AMONG indica que algo está entre mais de duas coisas.
TO: dizemos: go/ come/ travel (etc) TO + um lugar ou evento
Ex:
go TO America (ir à América)
go TO bed (ir para a cama) TO →
go TO the bank (ir ao banco)
INTO: indica que alguém foi PARA DENTRO de algum lugar.
Exemplos:
A bird flew into the kitchen through the window. (Um pássaro voou para dentro da cozinha através da janela).
She got out of the car and went into a shop. (Ela saiu do carro e foi para dentro da loja).
FROM: geralmente significa DE.
Ex:
From London (de Londres).
hide from (esconder-se de).
free from (livre de).
fall from (cair de).
separate from (separar de).
I’m from China. (Eu sou da China.).
IN: indica que algo está DENTRO de alguma coisa
Exemplos:
There is some water in the bottle. (Há alguma água dentro da garrafa)
Look at those people swimming in the river. (Olhe aquelas pessoas nadando dentro do rio).
AT: indica o LOCAL EXATO no qual uma coisa está.
Exemplos:
There is somebody at the door. Shall I go and see who it is? (Há alguém na porta. Eu deveria ir e ver quem é?)
Who is that man standing at the bus stop? (Quem é aquele homem de pé no ponto de ônibus?).
When you leave the hotel, please leave your key at reception. (Quando você deixar o hotel, por favor, deixe sua chave na recepção).
Linda’s house is the blue one at the end of the street. (A casa de Linda é a azul no final da rua).
ON: indica que algo está na SUPERFÍCIE de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
There is a label on the bottle. (Há um rótulo na garrafa).
There is a notice on the door. It says ‘Do not disturb’. (Há um aviso na porta. Ele diz ‘Não incomode’).
BEHIND: indica que algo está ATRÁS de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
There is a gas station behind the hotel. (Há um posto de gasolina atrás do hotel).
The parking lot is behind the bank. (O estacionamento está atrás do banco).
UNDER: indica que algo está DEBAIXO de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
The wallet is under the newspaper. (A carteira está debaixo do jornal).
The notebooks are under the dictionary. (Os cadernos estão debaixo do dicionário).
NEXT TO: indica que algo está PRÓXIMO, AO LADO de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
The comb is next to the hairbrush. (O pente está ao lado da escova de cabelo).
There is a gas station next to the parking lot. (Há um posto de gasolina ao lado do estacionamento).
IN FRONT OF: indica que algo está NA FRENTE de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
The briefcase is in front of the television. (A maleta está na frente da televisão).
There is a newsstand in front of the hotel. (Há uma banca de jornal na frente do hotel).
NEAR: Indica que algo está PERTO de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
The umbrella is near the keys. (O guarda-chuva está perto das chaves).
The supermarket is near the store. (O supermercado é perto da loja).
BETWEEN: indica que algo está ENTRE duas coisas.
Exemplos:
The restaurant is between a drugstore and a bookstore. (O restaurante está entre a farmácia e a livraria).
Observação: AMONG indica que algo está entre mais de duas coisas.
TO: dizemos: go/ come/ travel (etc) TO + um lugar ou evento
Ex:
go TO America (ir à América)
go TO bed (ir para a cama) TO →
go TO the bank (ir ao banco)
INTO: indica que alguém foi PARA DENTRO de algum lugar.
Exemplos:
A bird flew into the kitchen through the window. (Um pássaro voou para dentro da cozinha através da janela).
She got out of the car and went into a shop. (Ela saiu do carro e foi para dentro da loja).
FROM: geralmente significa DE.
Ex:
From London (de Londres).
hide from (esconder-se de).
free from (livre de).
fall from (cair de).
separate from (separar de).
I’m from China. (Eu sou da China.).
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