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Saturday, November 22, 2008
Friday, August 01, 2008
WHY LEARN ENGLISH... EI - ESCOLA DE IDIOMAS/MOSSORÓ-RN IS REALLY THE BEST PLACE TO LEARN ENGLISH - MATRÍCULAS ABERTAS. RESERVE JÁ SUA VAGA! ;)
Learning to speak English well may be the best thing you can do to improve your life.
That's right. Do you think it would be fun to have access to information that other people can't get? Talk and write letters to interesting people that others can't communicate with? Impress people around you whenever you opened your mouth? Make big jumps in your career, leaving others miles behind?
You can get all this if you speak English well.
Get access to knowledge
What are you interested in? Is it science? Music? Computers? Health? Business? Sports? Today's media — such as the Internet, television, and the press — give you almost unlimited access to knowledge about your favorite subjects. After all, we live in the information age, don't we?
There's only one problem. Most of this knowledge is in English.
Here are some examples of knowledge you can use if you know English:
*Most pages on the Web. That's over a billion (1,000,000,000) pages of information! It's amazing that learning just one language gives you access to almost all knowledge on the Internet.
*Books — on any subject, from all over the world. Read books by British or American authors, and books translated from other languages. Whatever you're interested in, you can read about it in English!
*The press. Only English-language magazines and newspapers can be bought in every part of the world. You don't have to search for Time, Newsweek, or the International Herald Tribune!
*Science. English is the key to the world of science. In 1997, 95% of the articles in the Science Citation Index were written in English. Only about 50% of them were from English-speaking countries like the USA or Britain. (source)
*News reports. Watch international television networks, such as CNN International and NBC. They broadcast news much faster, and more professionally, than smaller, national networks. And you can watch them everywhere in the world.
Communicate with people
We like to call English "the language of communication". Why? Because it seems all the people in the world have agreed to use English to talk to each other.
*About 1,500,000,000 people in the world speak English. Another 1,000,000,000 are learning it. (source)
*75% of the world's letters and postcards are written in English. (source)
*Almost all international conferences and competitions are conducted in English. For example, the Olympics and the Miss World contest.
*Diplomats and politicians from different countries use English to communicate with each other. English is the main language of organizations like the United Nations, NATO, and the European Free Trade Association.
If you can communicate in English, you can:
*Contact people from all over the world. Talk about your ideas and opinions on Internet discussion groups. Send e-mail to interesting people. Learn about their life and culture.
*Travel more easily. Communicate with people wherever you go — English is spoken in more than 100 countries (source). Ask directions, have a conversation, or... ask for help. Who knows, maybe English will save your life someday!
Push your career forward
If you want a good job in business, technology, or science, get out of that armchair and start learning English now! (If you already have a good job, start learning before you lose it!)
Knowing English will let you:
*Put "excellent knowledge of English" on your CV. Get your dream job, and earn more money.
*Gain technical knowledge. English is the language of technology, especially high technology like computer science, genetics, and medicine. If you're going to read about technology, you'll probably have to do it in English.
*Learn computer science. Read technical articles without difficulty. Or write your own articles!
*Be a world-class businessman (or -woman). It's simple. International business is done in English. And all business today is international. So if you want to play, you have to know English — to contact other businesspeople, go to conferences, read international business newspapers and magazines, etc.
*Become a better scientist. Contact scientists from other countries, go to international conferences, visit academic centers abroad. Learn about new scientific discoveries by reading papers, books, and magazines.
*Use your computer more effectively. Most computer applications are in English, so you will understand them better — and become a better employee.
*Learn new skills for your job. The section "Get access to knowledge" explains how English helps you learn.
Enjoy art like never before
English lets you feel the culture of the world like no other language. With a good knowledge of the English language, you can do wonderful things:
*Watch American and British films in the original. Once you try it, you'll never go back to dubbed versions!
*Read great books. Every famous book was written in English or it was translated into English. There is an amazing number of titles — from classic plays like Hamlet to modern thrillers like Jurassic Park.
*Enjoy English-language music more. Believe us: music is much better if you can understand the words.
English is easy to learn
*Simple alphabet — no special symbols such as é or ä. Type in sweet, part, film on your computer. Now try süß (German), (Polish), (Russian). Which is easier?
*Easy plurals — simply add s to a word. One car, five cars; one telephone, two telephones... There are very few exceptions.
*Words are easy to learn. In French, it's la fille and le chien. In German, it's das Mädchen and der Hund. In English, they're just a girl and a dog. And that's all you need to know.
*Short words. Most of the basic words are short: run, work, big, go, man. Long words are often shortened: sitcom = situational comedy, fridge = refrigerator, OS = operating system. Speaking English saves you time. :-)
*Words don't change. But in many languages, one word has many forms:
English: The man is blind.
German: Der Mann ist blind.
English: This is a blind man.
German: Das ist ein blinder Mann.
English: I see a blind man.
German: Ich sehe einen blinden Mann.
*Call everybody "you". You can say "Do you speak English?" to your friend or to your teacher. In other languages, you have to use the right word for the right person. In English, everybody is equal. :-)
*English is everywhere. You can easily access English-language television, music, websites, magazines, etc. You don't have to learn from boring textbooks. You can learn and use your English at the same time. Using your English is especially important because it increases your desire to learn.
Get satisfaction
English is not only useful — it gives you a lot of satisfaction:
*Making progress feels great. We'll never forget the moment we discovered we could speak with Americans or watch TV in English.
*You will enjoy learning English, if you remember that every hour you spend gets you closer to perfection.
*Using English is fun, too, because every sentence you speak or write reminds you of your success.
English makes you a more powerful, happier person. It is not difficult to imagine some situations where knowing English gives you a great feeling.
Sunday, May 11, 2008
*** Lesson 1a - "TH" - English Pronunciation by Jennifer from Boston,MA, USA.
FREE online pronunciation lesson with a native speaker. Lesson 1a topic: unvoiced "th". All levels
;) Jennifer, an amazing teacher, is my friend from Boston, MA, USA.
ESL/ EFL teacher since 1996
ESL/ EFL materials writer
experienced teacher trainer
B.A and M.A. degrees... She's also here to give us all her support in English.
Welcome Jennifer!!! ;)
*** Lesson 1b "TH" English Pronunciation by Jennifer from Boston, MA, USA.
FREE online pronunciation lesson with a native speaker. Lesson 1b topic: unvoiced "th". All levels.
;) Jennifer, an amazing teacher, is my friend from Boston, MA, USA.
ESL/ EFL teacher since 1996
ESL/ EFL materials writer
experienced teacher trainer
B.A and M.A. degrees... She's also here to give us all her support in English.
Welcome Jennifer!!! ;)
Saturday, May 10, 2008
*** Voiced "TH" Pronunciation by Jennifer from Boston,MA, USA.
;) Jennifer is my friend from Boston, MA, USA.
ESL/ EFL teacher since 1996
ESL/ EFL materials writer
experienced teacher trainer
B.A and M.A. degrees...
She's also here to give us all her support in English.
Welcome Jennifer!!! ;)
FREE online lesson with a native speaker. Lesson 2 topic: voiced "th". All levels.
*** #4 English Mini Lesson - Sneezing by Jennifer ESL from Boston, MA, United States
Jennifer is my friend from Boston, MA, USA.
ESL/ EFL teacher since 1996
ESL/ EFL materials writer
experienced teacher trainer
B.A and M.A. degrees...
She's also here to give us all her support in English.
Welcome Jennifer!!! ;)
Wednesday, May 07, 2008
Friday, May 02, 2008
>>> DEGREE - DIMINUTIVE AND AUGMENTATIVE
DEGREE DIMINUTIVO & AUMENTATIVO
Em inglês, o diminutivo é formado pela colocação de adjetivos como small, little, tiny e minute antes dos substantivos. Exemplos small town, little boy, tiny fingers, minute writing, etc.
Muitas vezes encontramos substantivos próprios no diminutivo, para transmitir afeição. exemplos Little Richard, Little Suzy. (Observe que, neste caso, o adjetivo little é escrito com letra maiúscula.)
São muito poucos os substantivos cujo grau diminutivo é realmente formado por flexão, ou seja, pelo acréscimo de um sufixo -let / -kin são os mais conhecidos, como em booklet, leaflet, piglet, winglet, lambkin.
O aumentativo é formado apenas pela colocação de adjetivos como big, huge, great, enormous, large e massive (não existem sufixos para tal). Exemplos big house, huge amount, great redwoods, enormous effort, large trees, massive increase, etc.
Wednesday, April 30, 2008
>>> THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
(presente contínuo)
Expressa uma ação que está acontecendo no presente momento.
O presente contínuo tem esta fórmula:
to be + verbo principal com "ing"
Exemplo: I am studying.
NOTE:
Para usá-lo corretamente, você vai precisar lembrar:
A conjugação do
verbo to be no presente.
As alterações
ortográficas dos verbos na forma ing.
Exemplos de uso
They are crossing the street now.
I am playing the guitar at this moment.
Nowadays she is working in a factory.
Advérbios
de tempo que normalmente acompanham:
now – agora
at this moment – neste momento
Nowadays – hoje em dia
INTERROGATIVA
E NEGATIVA
Como o present continuous é formado pelo verbo to be, para formar a interrogativa,
coloca-se o verbo to be na frente da frase. E para formar a negativa,
acrescenta-se not após o verbo to be.
Ex:
Affirmative form: You are studying English.
Interrogative form: Are you
studying English?
Negative form: You are not studying English.
Vamos conjugar o verbo to study( estudar) no present continuous( exemplo acima):
Affirmative form
sujeito + to be + verbo principal com "ing"
I am studying
you are studying
he is studying
she is studying
it is studying
we are studying
you are studying
they are studying
Negative form
sujeito + to be + not + verbo principal com "ing"
I'm not studying
you aren't studying
he isn't studying
she isn't studying
it isn't studying
we aren't studying
you aren't studying
they aren't studying
Interrogative form
to be +
sujeito + verbo principal com "ing"
Am I studying...?
Are you studying...?
Is he studying...?
Is she studying...?
Is it studying...?
Are we studying...?
Are you studying...?
Are they studying...?
Exemplos:
What are you doing? (O que
você está fazendo?)
Is she studying English now?(Ela está
estudando inglês agora?)
He's reading a book and I'm listening to music.(Ele está lendo um
livro e eu estou ouvindo música.)
Are they swimming at the club? (Eles estão nadando no
clube?)
Yes, they are.(Sim, estão.)
No, they aren't.(Não, não estão.)
Ortografia dos verbos na forma ing
Muita atenção ao adicionar ing aos verbos, pois alguns
sofrem alterações ortográficas:
1. Verbos terminados em e: retirar o e e adicionar ing, por exemplo:
make - making
take - taking
2. Verbos terminados em ie: retirar o ie e acrescentar ying, por exemplo:
die - dying
lie - lying
3. Verbos monossilábicos com a estrutura
consoante 2 + vogal + consoante 1 (da direita para a esquerda)- antes de
adicionar o ing, duplique a consoante número 1,por exemplo:
run - running
swim - swimming
4. Verbos com duas sílabas e
acento tônico na primeira sílaba da direita para a esquerda- antes de adicionar
o ing, duplique a consoante número 1 se a estrutura for consoante 2 +
vogal + consoante 1,por exemplo:
beGIN - beginning
MURder -
murdering
Adicionar somente o ing aos demais verbos:
study - studying
play - playing
do - doing
go - going
travel - traveling
sleep - sleeping
fall - falling
push - pushing
work - working
open - opening
Wednesday, April 23, 2008
>>> PREPOSITIONS (PREPOSIÇÕES)
Preposition-Dependent Verbs and Adjectives Tanto em inglês como em português existem certas palavras, especialmente verbos e adjetivos, que quase sempre são acompanhados de uma determinada preposição, tornando-se dessa forma inseparáveis. Uma vez que dificilmente pode-se estabelecer uma correlação direta e consistente entre preposições do inglês e do português, uma lista dessas palavras dependentes de preposições pode ajudar o aluno a evitar o uso incorreto de preposições.
A diferença entre preposition-dependent verbs (PDV) e multi-words verbs, é que nos primeiros, a ocorrência da preposição não altera o significado do verbo, enquanto que nos multi-word verbs, o verbo pode também ocorrer sem a preposição, mas quando ocorrer com a preposição, haverá provavelmente uma significativa alteração de significado. PDVs podem ser considerados um subcategoria de prepositional verbs (inseparable two-word verbs).
abstain from accuse someone of add something to something adhere to advise someone to agree on/with aim at/for allow for apologize for apply to/for approve of argue with/about arise from arrest someone for arrive in/at ask for attend to believe in belong to beware of blame someone for boast about borrow something from someone brag about buy something for someone care about/for choose between comment on compare to/with complain about/of comply with conceal something from concentrate on condemn someone for conform to congratulate someone on/for something consent to consist of contribute to cook something for someone count on/upon cure someone of a disease | decide about/on/upon depend on/upon disagree on/with discriminate against distinguish from do research on/into/about do something for someone dream of/about excel in exchange something for excuse someone for expect someone to find something for someone fine someone for forget about forgive someone for give something to someone hope for interfere with/in introduce to invite someone to leave for some place leave something for someone lend something to someone listen to long for mistake someone for | offer something to someone pay for something pay something to someone persist in praise someone for pray for prepare for present someone with prevent someone/something from prohibit someone from protect someone/something from protest about provide someone/something with punish someone for refer to rely on/upon rescue from respond to |
absent from accused of/by accustomed to acquainted with addicted to adjacent to afraid of / to (infinitive) angry at annoyed with/by associated with aware of bored with/by close to cluttered with committed to compatible with composed of concerned about confronted with connected to conscious of consistent with content with contrary to convinced of coordinated with covered with crowded with | devoted to disappointed with discriminated against divorced from done with dressed in envious of equipped with equivalent to excited about exhausted from exposed to familiar with filled with finished with fond of friendly to/with frightened of/by full of furnished with grateful to/for guilty of interested in invited to involved in | located in married to pleased with polite to prepared for protected from proud of relevant to remembered for responsible for scared of/by suitable for tired of/from used to useful to |
Estes materiais são de autoria de S&K - ESL, nosso patrocinador. Não deixe de citar a fonte. Diga não ao plágio.
Prepositions and Phrasal Verbs
Preposition Basics
Phrasal Verbs
Mixed Prepositions
Prepositions:
Locators in
Time and Place
Consider the professor's desk and all the prepositional phrases we can use while talking about it.
You can sit before the desk (or in front of the desk). The professor can sit on the desk (when he's being informal) or behind the desk, and then his feet are under the desk or beneath the desk. He can stand beside the desk (meaning next to the desk), before the desk, between the desk and you, or even on the desk (if he's really strange). If he's clumsy, he can bump into the desk or try to walk through the desk (and stuff would fall off the desk). Passing his hands over the desk or resting his elbows upon the desk, he often looks across the desk and speaks of the desk or concerning the desk as if there were nothing else like the desk. Because he thinks of nothing except the desk, sometimes you wonder about the desk, what's in the desk, what he paid for the desk, and if he could live without the desk. You can walk toward the desk, to the desk, around the desk, by the desk, and even past the desk while he sits at the desk or leans against the desk.
All of this happens, of course, in time: during the class, before the class, until the class, throughout the class, after the class, etc. And the professor can sit there in a bad mood [another adverbial construction].
You may have learned that ending a sentence with a preposition is a serious breach of grammatical etiquette. It doesn't take a grammarian to spot a sentence-ending preposition, so this is an easy rule to get caught up on (!). Although it is often easy to remedy the offending preposition, sometimes it isn't, and repair efforts sometimes result in a clumsy sentence. "Indicate the book you are quoting from" is not greatly improved with "Indicate from which book you are quoting." Based on shaky historical precedent, the rule itself is a latecomer to the rules of writing. Those who dislike the rule are fond of recalling Churchill's rejoinder: "That is nonsense up with which I shall not put." We should also remember the child's complaint: "What did you bring that book that I don't like to be read to out of up for?" |
Is it any wonder that prepositions create such troubles for students for whom English is a second language? We say we are at the hospital to visit a friend who is in the hospital. We lie in bed but on the couch. We watch a film at the theater but on television. For native speakers, these little words present little difficulty, but try to learn another language, any other language, and you will quickly discover that prepositions are troublesome wherever you live and learn. This page contains some interesting (sometimes troublesome) prepositions with brief usage notes. To address all the potential difficulties with prepositions in idiomatic usage would require volumes, and the only way English language learners can begin to master the intricacies of preposition usage is through practice and paying close attention to speech and the written word. Keeping a good dictionary close at hand (to hand?) is an important first step.
Prepositions of Time: at, on, and in
The train is due at 12:15 p.m.
My brother is coming on Monday.
We're having a party on the Fourth of July.
She likes to jog in the morning.
It's too cold in winter to run outside.
He started the job in 1971.
He's going to quit in August.
Prepositions of Place: at, on, and in
Grammar English lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.
Her house is on Boretz Road.
She lives in Durham.
Durham is in Windham County.
Windham County is in Connecticut.
Prepositions of Location: in, at, and on | |||
IN (the) bed* the bedroom the car (the) class* the library* school* | AT class* home the library* the office school* work | ON the bed* the ceiling the floor the horse the plane the train | NO PREPOSITION downstairs downtown inside outside upstairs uptown |
* You may sometimes use different prepositions for these locations. |
Prepositions of Movement: to
and No Preposition
They were driving to work together.
She's going to the dentist's office this morning.
We're moving toward the light.
This is a big step towards the project's completion.
Grandma went upstairs
Grandpa went home.
They both went outside.
Prepositions of Time: for and since
He held his breath for seven minutes.
She's lived there for seven years.
The British and Irish have been quarreling for seven centuries.
He's worked here since 1970.
She's been sitting in the waiting room since two-thirty.
Prepositions with Nouns, Adjectives, and Verbs.
Prepositions are sometimes so firmly wedded to other words that they have practically become one word. (In fact, in other languages, such as German, they would have become one word.) This occurs in three categories: nouns, adjectives, and verbs. NOUNS and PREPOSITIONS | ||
approval of awareness of belief in concern for confusion about desire for | fondness for grasp of hatred of hope for interest in love of | need for participation in reason for respect for success in understanding of |
ADJECTIVES and PREPOSITIONS | ||
afraid of angry at aware of capable of careless about familiar with | fond of happy about interested in jealous of made of married to | proud of similar to sorry for sure of tired of worried about |
VERBS and PREPOSITIONS | ||
apologize for ask about ask for belong to bring up care for find out | give up grow up look for look forward to look up make up pay for | prepare for study for talk about think about trust in work for worry about |
A combination of verb and preposition is called a phrasal verb. The word that is joined to the verb is then called a particle. Please refer to the brief section we have prepared on phrasal verbs for an explanation.
Idiomatic Expressions with Prepositions
- agree to a proposal, with a person, on a price, in principle
- argue about a matter, with a person, for or against a proposition
- compare to to show likenesses, with to show differences (sometimes similarities)
- correspond to a thing, with a person
- differ from an unlike thing, with a person
- live at an address, in a house or city, on a street, with other people
Unnecessary Prepositions
In everyday speech, we fall into some bad habits, using prepositions where they are not necessary. It would be a good idea to eliminate these words altogether, but we must be especially careful not to use them in formal, academic prose.- She met
up withthe new coach in the hallway. - The book fell off
ofthe desk. - He threw the book out
ofthe window. - She wouldn't let the cat inside
ofthe house. [or use "in"] - Where did they go
to? - Put the lamp in back of the couch. [use "behind" instead]
- Where is your college
at?
Prepositions in Parallel Form
(Click HERE for a definition and discussion of parallelism.) When two words or phrases are used in parallel and require the same preposition to be idiomatically correct, the preposition does not have to be used twice.You can wear that outfit in summer and
The female was both attracted
The children were interested in and disgusted by the movie.
It was clear that this player could both contribute to and learn from every game he played.
He was fascinated by and enamored of this beguiling woman.
Recognizing Prepositions
Quiz on Prepositions
Prepositions at the Crossword
Prepositions at the Crossword II
Prepositions at the Crossword III
Guide to Grammar and Writing | Principles of Composition | Index |
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* no, na, em, dentro de Usos
cidades
estados
países
regiões
bairros
meses
anos
estações
séculos
períodos do dia [ morning, afternoon, evening]
Exemplos:
The machine is in the box. (dentro)
(A máquina está dentro da caixa)
Paul lives in Boston. (cidade)
(Paul mora em Boston)
He works in Texas. (estado)
(Ele trabalha no Texas)
They study in England. (país)
(Eles estudam na Inglaterra)
They will leave in November. (mês)
(Eles partirão em Novembro)
My brother was born in 1960. (ano)
(Meu irmão nasceu em 1960)
Mary will visit us in (the) Spring. (estação do ano)
(Mary nos visitará na primavera)
That author died in the nineteenth century. (século)
(Aquele autor morreu no século 19)
You walk in the morning. (período do dia - manhã)
(Você anda de manhã)
I sleep in the afternoon. (período do dia - tarde)
(Eu durmo à tarde)
He studies in the evening. (perído do dia - noite)
(Ele estuda à noite)
On * no, na, em, sobre
Usos
dias de semana
mês e ano
só o dia
ruas(sem número), avenidas e praças
estradas, rios, lagos, costa, sobre superfícies e fronteiras
Exemplos:
He goes to the beach on Mondays and Fridays. (dias da semana)
(Ele vai à praia as segundas e sextas)
Peter was born on April 18th. (dia e mês)
(Peter nasceu em 18 de abril)
We live on Summer trees street. (rua s/ número)
(Nós moramos na rua Summer trees)
They live on Texas avenue. (avenida)
(Eles moram na avenida Texas)
The show will be on Madison square. (praça)
(O show será na praça Madison)
Those people are sailing on the Mississipi river. (rio)
(Aquelas pessoas estão navegando no rio Mississipi)
Casos especiais
on page three
on television
on the radio
on the third floor
* * * *
on the(a) plane
on the(a) ship
on the(a) train
on the(a) boat
on the(a) bus
* * * *
in bed
in the (a) car
in the (a) truck
in the (a) taxi
At * no, na, em, junto a, posição em um ponto
Usos
lugares públicos
atividades de grupo (jogos)
casas, lojas
endereço(rua e número)
só número da casa
horas
festividades
idade
Exemplos:
We were at the bus station yesterday. (lugar público)
(Nós estivemos na estação de onibus ontem)
Our friends will be at the volley ball game tonight. (atividade de grupo)
(Nossos amigos estarão no jogo de volley esta noite)
Elizabeth was at her sister's last night. (casa)
(Elizabeth estava na casa da irmã dela na noite passada)
She bought her dress at Monica's . (loja)
(Ela comprou o vestido dela na Monica's)
They live at 72 Washington street. (rua e número da casa)
(Eles moram na rua Washington número 72)
They live on Washington street at number 72. (somente o número da casa)
(Eles moram na rua Washington no número 72)
The meeting will be at 8 o'clock. (horas)
(A reunião será às 8 horas)
The show will be at Christmas. (festividade)
(O show será no natal)
My brotherleft the navy at the age of 32. (idade)
(Meu irmão deixou a marinha com a idade de 32 anos)
Expressões com "at"
At first (no princípio)
At last (finalmente)
At once (imediatamente)
At times (às vezes)
At home (em casa)
At least (pelo menos)
At night (à noite)
At noon (ao meio dia)
At midnight (à meia noite)
Over * no, na , sobre
Usos
posição superior
Exemplos:
There are some birds flying over those trees.
(Exitem alguns pássaros voando acima daquelas árvores)
The lamp is overthose tables.
(A lâmpada está acima da mesa)
In front of * em frente de
Exemplos:
The boxes are in front ofthe store.
(As caixas estão em frente da loja)
She was in front of those people.
(Ela estava em frente daquelas pessoas)
Behind * atrás de
Exemplos:
Paul is behindthe building waiting.
(Paul está atrás do prédio esperando)
The child is behind the door.
(A criança está atrás da porta)
Beyond * além de
Exemplos:
Looking beyond this year, I see a good future.
(Olhando além deste ano, eu vejo um bom futuro)
She is living beyond the border.
(Ela está morando além da fronteira)
Under * embaixo de
Exemplos:
The equipment is under the tree.
(O equipamento está embaixo da àrvore)
The new employees are under our responsibility.
(Os novos empregados estão sob nossa responsabilidade)
Exemplos:
A city without history.
(Uma cidade sem história)
They drove into town without talking to each other.
(Eles dirigiram naquela cidade sem conversarem um com o outro)
Beside * ao lado de
Exemplos:
The telephone is beside the radio.
(O telefone está ao lado do rádio)
Peter is beside my son.
(Peter está ao lado do meu filho)
Above * acima de
Exemplos:
The student's name was written above my name.
(O nome do estudante estava escrito acima do meu nome)
Above us only the president.
(Acima de nós somente o presidente)
Below * abaixo de
Exemplos:
Below us, at our left, there was a big lake.
(Abaixo de nós, a nossa esquerda havia um grande lago)
Peter's name was there, below the others.
(O nome de Peter estava lá, abaixo dos outros)
Across * através, do outro lado
Exemplos:
The children swam across the river yesterday.
(As crianças nadaram através do rio ontem)
The library is across the street.
(A biblioteca é do outro lado da rua)
Along * ao longo
Exemplos:
The teachers were walking alongthe street.
(Os professores estavam andando ao longo da rua)
The boys were sailing along the river.
(Os garotos estavam navegando ao longo do rio)
Among * entre vários
Exemplos:
There was a stranger among us.
(Havia um estranho entre nós)
They are among friends.
(Eles estão entre amigos)
Between * entre dois
Exemplos:
Mary is sitting between the two boys.
(Mary estava sentada entre os dois garotos)
My mother put the document between two books.
(Minha mãe colocou o documento entre os dois livros)
Before * antes, perante
Exemplos:
Before seven o'clock he will be here.
(Antes das sete horas ele estará aqui)
I will be there before midnight.
(Eu estarei lá antes da meia-noite)
After * após
Exemplos:
George will be there after 7 o’clock.
(George estará lá após às sete horas)
We had dinner after the meeting.
(Nós tivemos o jantar após a reunião)
To * para (destino)
Exemplos:
My sister went to London.
(Minha irmã foi para Londres)
I asked someone the way to the town centre.
(Eu perguntei a alguém o caminho para o centro da cidade)
For * para (favor, benefício, propósito, fim, intenção)
* para (duração de tempo)
Exemplos:
My uncle brought this present for you. (benefício)
(Meu tio trouxe este presente para você)
People have come for participating. (finalidade)
(Pessoas têm vindo para participar)
That employee has been working here for ten years. (duração de tempo)
(Aquele empregado tem estado trabalhando aqui por dez anos)
She stayed there for a long time. (duração de tempo)
(Ela ficou lá por um longo tempo)
Since * desde
Exemplos:
I have been working here since 1984.
(Eu tenho estado trabalhando aqui desde 1984)
She has been waiting for you since three o’clock.
(Ela tem estado esperando por você desde as três horas)
From * de (procedência)
Exemplos:
They are from another country.
(Eles são de outro país)
The beer is imported from Germany.
(A cerveja é importada da Alemanha)
By * por, pelo, de
Exemplos:
This film was directed by Charles Chaplin.
(O filme foi dirigido por Charles Chaplin)
That book was written by Jorge Amado.
(Aquele livro foi escrito por Jorge Amado)
They went to Rio by bus.
(Eles foram para o Rio de onibus)
Of * de (posse)
Exemplos:
That necklace is made of pearls.
(Aquele colar é feito de pérolas)
The car of the company.
(O carro da companhia)
Prepositions
| Time | Place |
In | Meses: In January | Cidades: In London |
Anos, séculos: in 1995 | Estados: In Arkansas | |
Estações: in winter | Países: in Nicaragua | |
Partes do dia: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening | Continentes: In Asia | |
On | Dias da semana: on Sunday | Ruas, avenidas, praças: on Portugal Avenue |
Datas (mês +dia) on April the 3rd | ||
Determinadas datas: On Christimas day | ||
At | Horas: at 7 | Endereços (rua +número): at 456 Lincoln St. |
Certos feriados: At Christmas | Lugares públicos: at the club, at the airport, at a party |
About: sobre, a respeito de: Tell me about your life. |
Above: acima de: John’s apartment is above Mara’s. |
Across: através de, do outro lado: The dog swam across the river. |
After: depois de: She always arrives after 9 o’clock. |
Against: contra: The motorbike was against the wall. |
Among: entre (vários): The pencil was among the books. |
Around: em volta de: They travelled all around the world. |
Before: antes de: She never arrives before 7 o’clock. |
Behind: atrás de: Tim is behind Peter. |
Below: abaixo de: Mara lives below John. |
Beside: ao lado de: The earphones are beside the monitor. |
Besides: além de: Besides English, she can also speak Russian. |
Between: entre (dois): He was sitting between the two old ladies. |
Beyond: além de: The valley is beyond the mountains. |
But: exceto: Everybody went to the party, but Philip. |
By: por, junto, ao lado de: Let’s rest by the fireplace. They live by the sea. |
Down: abaixo, para baixo Up: acima, para cima Their house is halfway down/up the hill |
During: durante: He was in the army during the war. |
For: a favor de: He who’s not for us is against us. |
For: por, para, há (tempo) The train for Moscow leaves at noon. Fresh air is good for health. They’ve lived here for ages. |
From: de (origem): Where are you from? |
In front of: na frente de: Peter is in front of Tim. |
Inside/outside: dentro de/fora de: Let the dog sleep inside/outside the house. |
Instead of: em vez de: You should be studying instead of playing video-games. |
Into: para dentro, em: The cars disappeared into the mist. |
Like: como: What’s that like? |
Near: perto de: The post office is near the cathedral. |
Off: para fora (de uma superfície): Marky fell off his bike. |
Out of: para fora de: Take these books out of the box. |
Over: sobre, acima de, por cima de: There were over 1.000 people in the concert Throw the stone over the wall |
Since: desde: I’ve known her since 1995. |
Through: através de: The soldiers walked through the forest. |
Till/until: até (tempo): The book won’t arrive till tomorrow. |
To: para: People say that Teresa will go to France next week. |
Towards: para, em direção a: The nasty boy threw the stone towards the window. |
Under: em baixo de: the cat lays under the bed. |
With/without: com/sem: Go with us! I can’t live without you. |
Within: dentro de : The noise came from within the stable. |
IN: indica que algo está DENTRO de alguma coisa
Exemplos:
There is some water in the bottle. (Há alguma água dentro da garrafa)
Look at those people swimming in the river. (Olhe aquelas pessoas nadando dentro do rio).
AT: indica o LOCAL EXATO no qual uma coisa está.
Exemplos:
There is somebody at the door. Shall I go and see who it is? (Há alguém na porta. Eu deveria ir e ver quem é?)
Who is that man standing at the bus stop? (Quem é aquele homem de pé no ponto de ônibus?).
When you leave the hotel, please leave your key at reception. (Quando você deixar o hotel, por favor, deixe sua chave na recepção).
Linda’s house is the blue one at the end of the street. (A casa de Linda é a azul no final da rua).
ON: indica que algo está na SUPERFÍCIE de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
There is a label on the bottle. (Há um rótulo na garrafa).
There is a notice on the door. It says ‘Do not disturb’. (Há um aviso na porta. Ele diz ‘Não incomode’).
BEHIND: indica que algo está ATRÁS de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
There is a gas station behind the hotel. (Há um posto de gasolina atrás do hotel).
The parking lot is behind the bank. (O estacionamento está atrás do banco).
UNDER: indica que algo está DEBAIXO de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
The wallet is under the newspaper. (A carteira está debaixo do jornal).
The notebooks are under the dictionary. (Os cadernos estão debaixo do dicionário).
NEXT TO: indica que algo está PRÓXIMO, AO LADO de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
The comb is next to the hairbrush. (O pente está ao lado da escova de cabelo).
There is a gas station next to the parking lot. (Há um posto de gasolina ao lado do estacionamento).
IN FRONT OF: indica que algo está NA FRENTE de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
The briefcase is in front of the television. (A maleta está na frente da televisão).
There is a newsstand in front of the hotel. (Há uma banca de jornal na frente do hotel).
NEAR: Indica que algo está PERTO de alguma coisa.
Exemplos:
The umbrella is near the keys. (O guarda-chuva está perto das chaves).
The supermarket is near the store. (O supermercado é perto da loja).
BETWEEN: indica que algo está ENTRE duas coisas.
Exemplos:
The restaurant is between a drugstore and a bookstore. (O restaurante está entre a farmácia e a livraria).
Observação: AMONG indica que algo está entre mais de duas coisas.
TO: dizemos: go/ come/ travel (etc) TO + um lugar ou evento
Ex:
go TO America (ir à América)
go TO bed (ir para a cama) TO →
go TO the bank (ir ao banco)
INTO: indica que alguém foi PARA DENTRO de algum lugar.
Exemplos:
A bird flew into the kitchen through the window. (Um pássaro voou para dentro da cozinha através da janela).
She got out of the car and went into a shop. (Ela saiu do carro e foi para dentro da loja).
FROM: geralmente significa DE.
Ex:
From London (de Londres).
hide from (esconder-se de).
free from (livre de).
fall from (cair de).
separate from (separar de).
I’m from China. (Eu sou da China.).