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Friday, November 20, 2009

The Worst Bad Words in English


De acordo com pesquisa feita pela BBC - British Broadcasting Television - principal rede de televisão do Reino Unido os palavrões abaixo são apenas alguns dos piores que existem na língua inglesa (pelo menos para os britânicos).


A lista começa com os termos mais ofensivos possíveis e vai até os menos ofensivos. Desta vez incluí a tradução [perdoem-me por isto, mas foi necessário!]. Espero que nenhum leitor deste blog saia por aí usando estas palavras, mas que seja capaz de entendê-las e jamais usá-las.

Depois de conferir a lista abaixo você poderá ler o post Termos Religiosos, onde explico por que termos religiosos [God, Jesus Christ, etc] são considerados palavrões por muitas pessoas.

Vamos à lista:


  • Cunt [= buceta; este é tido como o pior palavrão de todos; creio que em português também]

  • Motherfucker [= filho da puta, filho duma égua, filho duma raparigueira, etc]

  • Fuck [= fóda, foder, caralho, porra, puta que pariu, etc; depende do contexto]

  • Fuck off [=vá se fuder, vá tomar no cu, vá tomar no rabo, vá pra puta que pariu e genéricos]

  • Wanker, jerk [= punheteiro]

  • Prick [= pentelho, pica, babaca, idiota; depende do contexto]

  • Bollocks [britânico] [= culhões, ovos; merda, bosta, cacete;depende do contexto]

  • Arsehole [britânico], asshole [americano] [= cu, cuzão; usado para se referir ao ânus ou mesmo uma pessoa idiota]

  • Shag [= transar, trepar, foder, dar uma, etc]

  • Whore, slut, bitch, hoe [= puta, safada, vagabunda, cadela, vaca, vadia, quenga e afins]

  • Twat [= pentelho, usado para xingar alguém]

  • Piss off [vá se foder, vá tomar no cu e afins]

  • Shit [= merda, caralho, buceta, porra; usado quando algo dá errado e você precisa extravazar]

  • Dickhead [= cabeça de pica, idiota, babaca, etc]

  • Pissed off [= puto da vida, com os caralho, etc; usado quando se está com muita raiva]

  • Arse [britânico], ass [americano] [= bunda, rabo, traseiro, cu, fiofó, furico; depende do contexto]

  • Crap [o mesmo que shit]

Bad Words in English


Neste post você vai aprender: os 4 grupos de palavras tidos como palavões na língua inglesa e quais são as nove palavras tidas como as mais ofensivas da língua inglesa.

Em inglês há quatro grupos de palavras que são considerados taboo words. Nem preciso dizer que elas devem ser evitadas em toda e qualquer situação:
  1. Palavras relacionadas ao ato sexual (fuck, jerk off, cocksucking) ou às partes íntimas (dick, cunt, balls, ass, tits);
  2. Palavras relacionadas às necessidades físicas (shit, piss, crap, fart);
  3. Palavras relacionadas à etnia, raça, nacionalidade de alguém (nigger, jew, polack); e,
  4. Palavras relacionadas à religião de alguém (God, Jesus Christ, Alah, Budah, etc)
Estas categorias são frequentemente encontradas em filmes e músicas. O perigo é que você, estudante de inglês, pode acabar achando a palavra bonitinha, ou acreditar na tradução da legenda no filme, e usá-la como se fosse uma palavra natural, comum e normal.

Lembre-se não é porque você escuta estas palavras em um filme que vai sair por aí repetindo como se fosse a coisa mais normal do mundo.

Segue abaixo uma lista das palavras tidas como mais ofensivas para os gringos de qualquer país de língua inglesa.
  1. cunt (o pior de todos; em português equivale a buceta);
  2. motherfucker (apesar de ser traduzido por 'filho da puta', seu significado vai muito além disto);
  3. fuck (este todos devem conhecer);
  4. jerk [Inglês Americano], wanker [Inglês Britânico] (usados como xingamentos, em termos mais leves equivale a idiota, embora não seja bem isto [acho que cabeça de pica reflete bem o significado de ambos, literalmente significam punheteiro);
  5. bitch, whore (ambos significam puta, vagabunda, vadia, cadela e seus inúmeros sinônimos);
  6. dick, prick, cock (termos usados para o órgão sexual masculino, em português serão os piores palavrões imáginaveis nesta categoria: pica, pau, rola, caralho, etc);
  7. piss (significa 'mijar', porém para um educado falante nativo da língua inglesa, isto é um tremendo palavrão. Cuidado! - há uma expressão muito comum em filmes, piss off, traduzida geralmente por 'saia daqui', 'desapareça', mas pelo fato do termo 'piss' estar aí, ela se torna uma expressão extremamente ofensiva.
  8. shit, crap (equivalem a 'merda', 'bosta', 'caralho', em português; já deu pra ver que não é boa idéia usá-las; evite também o termo 'bullshit' muito comum em filmes)
  9. fart (refere-se ao pum ou ao ato de soltar puns [rsrsrsrs]; evite-a a todo custo...)

Forming Comparative and Superlative Adjectives



One-syllable adjectives.

Form the comparative and superlative forms of a one-syllable adjective by adding –er for the comparative form and –est for the superlative.

One-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
tall taller tallest
old older oldest
long longer longest
  • Mary is taller than Max.
  • Mary is the tallest of all the students.
  • Max is older than John.
  • Of the three students, Max is the oldest.
  • My hair is longer than your hair.
  • Max's story is the longest story I've ever heard.

If the one-syllable adjective ends with an e, just add –r for the comparative form and –st for the superlative form.

One-Syllable Adjective with Final -e Comparative Form Superlative Form
large larger largest
wise wiser wisest
  • Mary's car is larger than Max's car.
  • Mary's house is the tallest of all the houses on the block.
  • Max is wiser than his brother.
  • Max is the wisest person I know.

If the one-syllable adjective ends with a single consonant with a vowel before it, double the consonant and add –er for the comparative form; and double the consonant and add –est for the superlative form.

One-Syllable Adjective Ending with a Single Consonant with a Single Vowel before It Comparative Form Superlative Form
big bigger biggest
thin thinner thinnest
fat fatter fattest
  • My dog is bigger than your dog.
  • My dog is the biggest of all the dogs in the neighborhood.
  • Max is thinner than John.
  • Of all the students in the class, Max is the thinnest.
  • My mother is fatter than your mother.
  • Mary is the fattest person I've ever seen.

Two-syllable adjectives.

With most two-syllable adjectives, you form the comparative with more and the superlative with most.

Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
peaceful more peaceful most peaceful
pleasant more pleasant most pleasant
careful more careful most careful
thoughtful more thoughtful most thoughtful
  • This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning.
  • Max's house in the mountains is the most peaceful in the world.
  • Max is more careful than Mike.
  • Of all the taxi drivers, Jack is the most careful.
  • Jill is more thoughtful than your sister.
  • Mary is the most thoughtful person I've ever met.

If the two-syllable adjectives ends with –y, change the y to i and add –er for the comparative form. For the superlative form change the y to i and add –est.

Two-Syllable Adjective Ending with -y Comparative Form Superlative Form
happy happier happiest
angry angrier angriest
busy busier busiest
  • John is happier today than he was yesterday.
  • John is the happiest boy in the world.
  • Max is angrier than Mary.
  • Of all of John's victims, Max is the angriest.
  • Mary is busier than Max.
  • Mary is the busiest person I've ever met.

Two-syllable adjectives ending in –er, -le, or –ow take –er and –est to form the comparative and superlative forms.

Two-Syllable Adjective Ending with -er, -le, or -ow Comparative Form Superlative Form
narrow narrower narrowest
gentle gentler gentlest
  • The roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city.
  • This road is the narrowest of all the roads in California.
  • Big dogs are gentler than small dogs.
  • Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.

Adjectives with three or more syllables.

For adjectives with three syllables or more, you form the comparative with more and the superlative with most.

Adjective with Three or More Syllables Comparative Form Superlative Form
generous more generous most generous
important more important most important
intelligent more intelligent most intelligent
  • John is more generous than Jack.
  • John is the most generous of all the people I know.
  • Health is more important than money.
  • Of all the people I know, Max is the most important.
  • Women are more intelligent than men.
  • Mary is the most intelligent person I've ever met.

Exceptions.

Irregular adjectives.

Irregular Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
good better best
bad worse worst
far farther farthest
little less least
many more most
  • Italian food is better than American food.
  • My dog is the best dog in the world.
  • My mother's cooking is worse than your mother's cooking.
  • Of all the students in the class, Max is the worst.

Two-syllable adjectives that follow two rules. These adjectives can be used with -er and -est and with more and most.

Two-Syllable Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form
clever cleverer cleverest
clever more clever most clever
gentle gentler gentlest
gentle more gentle most gentle
friendly friendlier friendliest
friendly more friendly most friendly
quiet quieter quietest
quiet more quiet most quiet
simple simpler simplest
simple more simple most simple
  • Big dogs are gentler than small dogs.
  • Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.
  • Big dogs are more gentle than small dogs.
  • Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the most gentle.

Thursday, November 19, 2009

Comparative Forms of Adjectives



Adjectives have inflections. That is, adjectives change in spelling according to how they are used in a sentence.

Adjectives have three forms: positive, comparative, and superlative.

The simplest form of the adjective is its positive form. When two objects or persons are being compared, the comparative form of the adjective is used. When three or more things are being compared, we use the adjective’s superlative form.

A few adjectives, like good and bad form their comparatives with different words:

That is a good book. This is a better book. Which of the three is the best book?
He made a bad choice. She made a worse choice. They made the worst choice of all.

The comparative forms of most adjectives, however, are formed by adding the suffixes
-er and -est, or by placing the words more and most in front of the positive form.

RULES FOR FORMING COMPARATIVES:
1. One syllable words form the comparative by adding -er and -est:

brave, braver, bravest
small, smaller, smallest
dark, darker, darkest.

2. Two-syllable words that end in -y, -le, and -er form the comparative by adding -er and -est:
pretty, prettier, prettiest
happy, happier, happiest
noble, nobler, noblest
clever, cleverer, cleverest

3. Words of more than two syllables form the comparative with more and most:
beautiful, more beautiful, most beautiful.
resonant, more resonant, most resonant

4. Past participles used as adjectives form the comparative with more and most:
crooked, broken, damaged, defeated, etc.

5. Predicate adjectives (adjectives used to describe the subject of a sentence) form the comparative with more and most:
afraid, mute, certain, alone, silent, etc.
Ex. She is afraid. He is more afraid. They are the most afraid of them all.

So far, so good, but when it comes to two-syllable words other than the ones covered by Rule 2, the writer must consider custom and ease of pronunciation.

Usually, two syllable words that have the accent on the first syllable form the comparative by adding -er and -est.
Ex. common, cruel, pleasant, quiet.
BUT tasteless, more tasteless, most tasteless.

Some two-syllable words that have the accent on the second syllable form the comparative by adding -er and -est: polite, profound,
BUT: bizarre, more bizarre, most bizarre.

The rules given above should prevent abominations like “more pretty” or “beautifuler.” When in doubt, look up the preferred inflected forms in the dictionary.

Friday, November 06, 2009

How to speak English very well




How to Speak English

With practice, you can learn to speak the English language very well.

Steps
1. Get a good dictionary. If you need to, a dictionary to translate between your first language and English is best.
2. Practice everyday by checking your pronunciation, and learning a few new words.
3. Listen to people who speak English. If they talk too fast, kindly ask them to speak slower.
4. Learn the grammar with careful study. A teacher may be best for this.
5. Talk in English with other speakers, especially those who speak it as a first language.
6. Think in English when you have learned it well. Translation in your brain can become confusing after certain points.
7. Read Simple English in your spare time, such resources can be found at the Simple English Wikipedia and books written for young children.
Tips
· Read aloud, so you are aware of how you speak.
· If you have English classes in school, listen and study as much as possible. The hard work will reward you with a master of the language.
Warnings
· Learning English requires a lot of practice and determination, so don't try to learn everything at once, but don't ever give up!
· Focus on pronunciation when you speak, since there are many silent letters in English as in French.
· It is harder to learn if you do not speak it as a first language, but if you are determined to learn, you will become very fluent.
· The best way to speak English well is to listen to English as much as possible.
Things You'll Need
· A dictionary with your own language and English to start with, and a normal English Dictionary later on.

How to Become an Advanced English Speaker

How to go from a beginner to advanced (in English).




Steps
1. Read English constantly, whether it is books like Harry Potter or non-fiction, scholarly works.
2. Watch English television, such as news programmes (e.g. BBC Worlds can be viewed in many parts of the worlds). While watching shows with words that you may not understand, while using a notebook and pen, write the word down (how you think it is spelt) and then find its correct spelling and find out what the word means.
3. Do not have subtitles when watching tv series or movies.
4. Read aloud in order to build both your written and spoken vocabulary.
5. Practice writing a lot. Essays, article contributions, blogging, etc.
6. Communicate as much as possible in English.
7. Make use of the dictionary or thesaurus.
8. Be relaxed and confident when speaking English.
9. Build English vocabulary at the appropriate level; otherwise you will remain an average English speaker.
Tips
· Grammar is very important. Lay yourself a good grammar foundation and your English will improve exponentially. Nevertheless, don't get bogged down and held back by grammar rules. You want to speak the language, not learn how it's spoken.
· Grammar is not only about sentence/verb formations. You should understand the implied meaning associated with the grammar used.
· Try to think in English instead of your mother tongue/the language you are familiar with.
· Use an English dictionary instead of a bilingual dictionary (as you progress).
· Practice using natural English instead of finding the English equivalents from your mother tongue.
· Watch movies in English without subtitles or English language satellite channels like BBC or CNN and try to understand it.
· Find a friend with whom you can practice English.
· Be careful of a dictionary's definition of synonyms. There are no two completely synonymous words in English. Car and automobile are said to be synonymous, but telling your English friend that you have an automobile instead of a car is unusual.
· If you learn English at school, then be as engaged as you can in those lessons, and always only speak English (if you can) there.
Warnings
· Be patient; language learning takes a while.
· Don't say "I can't do it", as long as you study English, words and phrases will be printed unconsciously into your mind.
P Antes de imprimir, pense em sua responsabilidade e compromisso com o meio ambiente.

10 Tips to improve the way you speak English



10 tips to improve the way you speak English


Part I: Want to 'neutralise' your accent?

Many deserving candidates lose out on job opportunities because of their vernacular accent.

Can I 'neutralise' my accent?

Yes, you can. All you need to do is train yourself to speak English as comfortably and perfectly as you speak your mother tongue.

http://im.rediff.com/getahead/2005/sep/02speak.jpgHow do you train yourself? By inculcating certain practices in your daily lifestyle. These will get you closer to sounding like a native English speaker and equip you with a global accent -- and you will speak not American or British English, but correct English.

This is the first step to learn any other accent, be it American or British or Australian.

Lisa Mojsin, head trainer, director and founder of the Accurate English Training Company in Los Angeles, offers these tips to help 'neutralise' your accent or rather do away with the local twang, as you speak.

i. Observe the mouth movements of those who speak English well and try to imitate them.

When you are watching television, observe the mouth movements of the speakers. Repeat what they are saying, while imitating the intonation and rhythm of their speech.

ii. Until you learn the correct intonation and rhythm of English, slow your speech down.

If you speak too quickly, and with the wrong intonation and rhythm, native speakers will have a hard time understanding you.

Don't worry about your listener getting impatient with your slow speech -- it is more important that everything you say be understood.

iii. Listen to the 'music' of English.

Do not use the 'music' of your native language when you speak English. Each language has its own way of 'singing'.

iv. Use the dictionary.

Try and familiarise yourself with the phonetic symbols of your dictionary. Look up the correct pronunciation of words that are hard for you to say.

v. Make a list of frequently used words that you find difficult to pronounce and ask someone who speaks the language well to pronounce them for you.

Record these words, listen to them and practice saying them. Listen and read at the same time.

vi. Buy books on tape.

Record yourself reading some sections of the book. Compare the sound of your English with that of the person reading the book on the tape.

vii. Pronounce the ending of each word.

Pay special attention to 'S' and 'ED' endings. This will help you strengthen the mouth muscles that you use when you speak English.

viii. Read aloud in English for 15-20 minutes every day.

Research has shown it takes about three months of daily practice to develop strong mouth muscles for speaking a new language.

ix. Record your own voice and listen for pronunciation mistakes.

Many people hate to hear the sound of their voice and avoid listening to themselves speak. However, this is a very important exercise because doing it will help you become conscious of the mistakes you are making.

x. Be patient.

You can change the way you speak but it won't happen overnight. People often expect instant results and give up too soon. You can change the way you sound if you are willing to put some effort into it.

Quick tips

Various versions of the English language exist. Begin by identifying the category you fall into and start by improving the clarity of your speech.

~ Focus on removing the mother tongue influence and the 'Indianisms' that creep into your English conversations.

~ Watch the English news on television channels like Star World, CNN, BBC and English movies on Star Movies and HBO.

~ Listen to and sing English songs. We'd recommend Westlife, Robbie Williams, Abba, Skeeter Davis and Connie Francis among others.

Books to help you improve your English

  • Essential English Grammar by Murphy (Cambridge)
  • Spoken English by R K Bansal and J B Harrison
  • Pronounce It Perfectly In English (book and three audio cassettes) by Jean Yates, Barrons Educational Series
  • English Pronunciation For International Students by Paulette Wainless Dale, Lillian Poms

Part I: Want to 'neutralise' your accent?

Idiomas SENAC - Um diferencial que abre portas para o mundo.

Siga-nos no Twitter

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Oseias A LOGO NEW CELL PHONE TIM

P Antes de imprimir, pense em sua responsabilidade e compromisso com o meio ambiente.

Wednesday, July 01, 2009

AMERICAN SL@NG - 8 VIDEOS

AMERICAN SL@NG - 8 VIDEOS
BY : JenniferESL
ESL/ EFL teacher since 1996
ESL/ EFL materials writer
experienced teacher trainer
B.A and M.A. degrees
AMERICAN SL@NG - #1
AMERICAN SL@NG - #2
AMERICAN SL@NG - 3

Thursday, June 18, 2009

FRIENDSHIP BOOK, FB for short...

This is a model of FRIENDSHIP BOOK, FB for short...


What is Swapping??

WHAT ARE FB's, SLAMS, CRAMS, AND ALL THAT STUFF???
When you exchange snail mail letters ("old-fashioned" letters handwritten and sent via postage mail) with your pen pals, you may receive a small, usually handmade booklet with many names and addresses signed in it. It's a friendship book, FB for short.
These usually consist of a small booklet of papers stapled together. There is a great variety of FB's, some are very simple, others are very creative. I have seen people make them out of scrap paper. Others are neatly cut fancy paper and embossed with rubber stamps. It will fit in an envelope. Many pen pals trade FB's. They are passed from person to person. Each person adding her name and address (many times by adding an address label).
This is also called "swapping". Swapping is another name for trading. Most people add information about themselves too such as age, interests, hobbies, etc. Some write if they want new pen pals or swappers, and some add decorations like stickers.
When the book is full, it is mailed to the person it was made for. FB's are started as a way to thank a pal, to look for new pals, or just for fun. It's very interesting to get back a full FB, because you get to see all the places over the world it has been.
There are also other kinds of "FB's" such as friendship sheets, decos, slams, crams, lyrixes, and quotes. FB's require patience because they can take years to fill, so it's best not to do FB's too large because of waiting, and having hard time fitting them in envelopes. My suggestion is start out with a small booklet with about 5 pages. Swappers swap these by amounts ranging from 1-1000 or more. Some pen pallers begin to get bored with FB's and branch out to use their creative skills in other types of FB's like decos, slams, crams, lyrixes, and quotes.
There are many kinds of abbreviations, and you can see the common ones listed below. In the last page of FB, there is normally a page that states: Full? Return home to (the original owner)! That means that if you are the last one to sign, and there isn't any space left, you have to send the full FB to whoever it's made for.

FRIENDSHIP SHEETS
Friendship sheets are just like FB's, but instead of a booklet format they are just one sheet of paper.

SLAMS
Slams are a bit like FB's. Inside cover is usually maker and owner. On the first page you write in your name and address, or stick your address label, usually next to a number. On each of following pages is a question like what's your favorite band? Or do you want new pen pals? Or look out your window and what do you see? You answer every question and write your answer next to your number. If you didn't sign in with numbers write next to your sign which can be for example a heart or star, but never the same as anyone else's in the slam! The idea is to have a symbol that identifies who you are without having to write out all your info other than on the first page. There are choice slams, fill in the blank slams, sticker slams, puzzle slams, and many more!

CRAMS
Crams are very little pieces of paper and you cram in as many names and addresses as possible, so you don't write any information about yourself or anything that will take up space. Just add your name and address. Crams might be many times just for labels. If you don't have any labels just pass.
DECOS
Decos are like FB's. They are booklets, where everyone has her own page, but there's one difference-In deco you have to decorate your page very beautifully, not just with a sticker or two. The more beautiful the deco is, the better! Use your creativity. If you love scrap booking, this is a great thing for you. Decos usually portray things that you enjoy, but sometimes may have been started with a theme that you need to follow. So if the deco owner loves cats, and the theme is cats, then you need to make your page reflect the overall theme. Just try not to make your pages too thick. Try to remember these items are mailed, and it can become costly in the long run.
LYRIXES or LYRICES
Lyrics are FB's where you write one of your favorite song's lyrics on your page or just a part of the song. It depends on the page's size and your handwriting. Of course you write your name and address in this too.

QUOTZ
Quotz are VERY similar to lyrixes, only with these you sign with movie quotes. Some themes that have been held in the past on other lists are "Disney" "Favorite Actor" "Comedy" and "Hot Celebrity". Now's your chance to use up all of those celebrity magazines in the back of your closet!When you receive a FB,(as well with slams, decos, lyrixes and crams) there are some basic DO's and Don'ts:Search some empty space in FB, and write your name and address (and information if you want) there.After signing read the FB through if there's someone you'd be interested corresponding with. If you'd like to start swapping with someone, but you are beginner and you don't have very many FB's or slams collected, it's best not to start with anyone who is heavy-swapper. Heavy swappers want to swap a lot FB's, or whatever they swap, once. So choose someone who is light-swapper or beginner. Send it on to another snail mail pal, who isn't already listed.If you receive a FB, which is full after you sign it, send it to its owner. Usually that person's name is in the cover of FB with words 'for'. Remember! The person, who has made the FB, isn't always the same who it was made for.Do pass it on as soon as possible; don't let it hang around for months. If you can, send it on within a week.When a FB is full, you must send it to its owner! Stealing the FB is silly when you can create your own, or have a pal create one for you.Don't add any extra pages or numbers to avoid sending that FB back to its owner.Don't remove any pages.Don't write anything that might hurt someone.Don't take up too much page space. It isn't nice if you are almost the only person in the FB.Don't write to someone who doesn't want new pen pals. I am sure you'll find someone else to write.

ABBREVIATIONS

A/A - Answers all
A/M - Answers most
A/O - Answers only
A/S - Answer some
Addy - Address
BBFN - Bye-bye for now
BD - Birth date
DOB - Date of birth
FB - Friendship book
EMS - E-mail soon
IRC - International reply coupon (you can send them to your Non-USA pals, they are gift certificates for postage stamps, you can get them at larger post offices, just ask!)
ICR - I can return (people who are willing to return the full fb home)
LL - Long letter
LLP - Long letter pals
LLO - Long letters only
LOL - Laugh Out Loud
LSASE - Long self addressed stamped envelope
NNPP - No new pen pals
No chains - Do not send chain letters
NPW - New pals wanted
PC - Post card
ROFL - Rolling On the Floor Laughing
SNNP - Sorry no new pals
SWA - Swaps with all
SS - Swap soon (referring to swapping fbs, slams or crams)
SASE - Self addressed stamped envelope
T/C - Take care
TTFN - Ta ta for now
TTYL - Talk to you later
VP - View card (another name for post card)
W/A - Wedding anniversary
W/B - Write back / Welcome Back
W/S - Write soon
W/W - Worldwide
WBSP - Write Back Soon Please


SIGN IN MY GUEST BOOK
http://books.dreambook.com/osealv/main.sign.html