Já faz um tempo que planejo escrever sobre os phrasal verbs mais comuns. Junto com as expressões idiomáticas, os phrasal verbs são muito importantes para se expressar como um falante nativo do inglês. Os verbos frasais são até mais importantes no inglês do dia-a-dia, porque com eles fala-se de forma informal, o que fazemos a toda hora em português.
Os phrasal verbs são uma característica muito interessante da língua inglesa: são verbos formados por 2 ou mais palavras. Por exemplo: para dizer o verbo “repetir” em inglês você pode usar “do over“. Duas palavras (do e over) quando juntas trazem um significado especial: repetir. Você também pode usar o verbo “repeat” do inglês, mas estaria falando de maneira mais formal.
Outro exemplo de como soar mais informal: você pode dizer “I’ll look into it”. Você usou “look into”. Já para ser mais formal você usaria “I’ll investigate it”. A tradução nos dois casos é a mesma “Vou investigar isso”, a diferença é como você soou para o seu interlocutor.
Resumo da ópera: ao usar phrasal verbs você está escolhendo ser mais informal. Ao usar verbos de uma só palavra, você está escolhendo ser mais formal. A escolha é sua e depende – é claro – do contexto, mas na maioria das vezes você poderá querer usar os phrasal verbs.
E aqui vai a lista dos 85 verbos frasais mais comuns ou usados, de acordo com a lista fornecida no site Esl About. Alguns destes verbos podem ter mais de um significado, procuraremos tratar dos usos mais comuns.
Aqui está o índice de verbos frasais. Você poderá aprender os verbos lendo um por um, e à medida que eu escrever sobre estes verbos colocarei o link para o artigo específico. A idéia é comentar/explicar todos eles
Note que todos os verbos marcados com asterisco (*) são não-separáveis, por exemplo: “I called on Dan” é o correto e não “I called Dan on”. Os demais verbos podem ser usados juntos ou separados: “I brought the children up” OU “I brought up the children”, as duas formas podem ser usados. Para facilitar, tenha em mente que a maioria pode ser separado.
- Ask out: ask someone to go on a date
- Bring about: cause
- Bring up: 1) rear children 2) mention or introduce a topic
- Call back: return a telephone call
- Call in: ask to come to an official place for a special reason
- CALL OFF: cancel
- Call on*: 1) visit 2) ask a student a question in class
- Call up: call on the telephone
- CATCH UP (WITH)*: reach the same position or level as someone
- Check in*: register at a hotel
- Check into*: investigate
- Check out: 1) borrow a book from a library 2) investigate
- Cheer up: make (someone) feel happier
- Clean up: make clean and orderly
- Come across*: find by chance
- Cross out: draw a line through
- Cut out: stop an annoying activity
- Do over: repeat
- DROP BY*: visit informally
- Drop in (on)*: visit informally
- Drop off: leave something/someone somewhere
- Drop out (of)*: stop going to school or class
- Figure out: find the answer by logic
- Fill out: complete a form
- Find out: discover information
- Get along (with)*: to have a good relationship with
- Get back (from): 1) return from somewhere 2) receive again
- Get in, get into*: 1) enter a car 2) arrive
- Get off*: leave any vehicle
- Get on*: enter any vehicle
- Get out of*: 1) leave a car 2) avoid some unpleasant activity
- Get over*: recover from an illness
- Get through*: finish
- Get up*: arise from bed, a chair etc.
- Give back: return something to someone
- Give up: stop doing something
- Go over*: review or check
- Grow up*: become an adult
- HAND IN: submit an assignment
- Hang up: 1) stop a telephone conversation 2) put up clothes on a line or a hook
- Have on: wear
- Keep out (of): not enter
- Keep up (with)*: stay at the same position or level
- Kick out (of): force (someone) to leave
- Look after*: take care of
- LOOK INTO*: investigate
- Look out (for)*: be careful
- Look over: review or check
- Look up: look for information in a reference book
- Make up: 1) invent 2) do past work
- Name after: give a baby the name of someone else
- Pass away*: die
- Pass out: 1) distribute 2) lose consciousness
- Pick out: select
- Pick up: 1) go to get someone 2) take in one’s hand
- Point out: call someone’s attention to
- Put away: remove to an appropriate place
- Put back: return to original position
- Put off: postpone
- Put on: dress
- Put out: extinguish a cigarette, fire
- Put up with*: tolerate
- Run into: meet by chance
- Run across: find by chance
- Run out (of): finish a supply of something
- Show up*: appear, come to
- Shut off: stop a machine, equipment, light etc.
- Take after*: resemble
- Take off: 1) remove clothing 2) leave on a trip 3) leave the ground (aeroplane)
- Take out: 1) take someone on a date 2) remove
- Take over: take control
- Take up: begin a new activity
- TEAR DOWN: demolish, reduce to nothing
- Tear up: tear into many little pieces
- Think over: consider
- Throw away: discard; get rid of
- Throw out: discard; get rid of
- Throw up: vomit
- Try on: put on clothing to see if it fits
- Turn down: decrease volume
- Turn in: 1) submit classwork 2) go to bed
- Turn off: stop a machine, equipment, light etc.
- Turn on: start a machine, equipment, light etc.
- Turn out: extinguish a light
- Turn up: increase volume or intensity
Os phrasal verbs na Língua Portuguesa são os verbos preposicionados, onde temos uma relação de concordância entre verbo e preposição ou verbo e advérbio. Na situação em questão analisaremos os verbos + preposições. O verbo ganha uma partícula que dará vários significados ao verbo na oração. To Call – chamar
Call for – exigir, requerer.
Exemplo: This work calls for a lot of patience.
Call in – convidar
Call of – cancelar
Exemplo: I’m going to call off my medical appointment because I feel much better now.
Call out – gritar para
Call up – telefonar
Exemplo: They called up the man.
To come – vir
Come across – encontrar por acaso
Come down – descer
Come in – entrar
Come off – sair, desprender-se
Come on – entrar em cena
Come out – sair
Come up – subir, surgir
To get – adquiri, obter
Get along with – dar-se bem com alguém
Get away – escapar
Get away with – safar-se
Get in – entrar
Get into – entrar
Get off – descer, apesar de
Get on – subir, montar
Get on with – continuar
Get out – sair
Exemplo: Get out of here!
Get over – superar, livra-se de
Get over with – terminar, acabar
Get up – levantar-se
Exemplo: I usually get up early.
To give – dar
Give away – doar
Exemplo: She gave away her old dress.
Give back – devolver
Give in – ceder, entregar-se
Give off – exalar
Give onto – dar para
Give up – desistir
To go – ir
Go after – ir atrás, perseguir
Go at – atacar lançar-se sobre
Go away – ir embora
Go down – descer
Go for – ir buscar
Go off – explodir
Go on – continuar
Go out – sair
Go over – rever, repassar
Go with – combinar com
Go up – subir
To look – olhar
Look after – cuidar de
Exemplo: Could you look after the children this evening?
Look at – olhar para
Look down on – menosprezar
Look for – procurar
Exemplo: What are you looking for?
Look forward – aguardar ansiosamente
Look into – examinar, analisar
Look out – tomar cuidado
Look up – consultar (livro, literatura)
Look up to – admirar
Exemplo: You have to look up the dollar exchange rate every day.
To make – fazer
Make into – transformar
Make off – fugir, escapar
Make out – preencher (cheque)
Make out – entender, captar
Make up – inventar, criar
Exemplo: You can attend classes on Saturdays to make up for the classes you missed.
Make up – fazer as pazes
To put – pôr, colocar
Put aside – guardar, economizar
Put away – guardar, pôr no lugar
Put off – adiar
Exemplo: I think I’ll have to put off my dental appointment.
Put on – vestir
Put out – pôr para fora
Exemplo: The firemen put out the fire.
Put up – hospedar
Put up with – tolerar, suportar
To run – correr
Run after – correr atrás
Run away – fugir
Run down – escorrer
Run into – encontrar inesperadamente
Run out of – ficar sem
Run over – atropelar
Exemplo: He ran over my bicycle with his car.
To take – tomar, levar
Take after – puxar, assemelhar-se
Take away – levar embora
Exemplo: Take it away from here.
Take down – anotar
Take in – enganar
Take off – tirar
Exemplo: Take your coat off!
Take on – contratar
Take out – levar para fora
Exemplo: I’m going to drink tonight and don’t try to talk me out of it.
Take over – assumir chefia, direção
Call for – exigir, requerer.
Exemplo: This work calls for a lot of patience.
Call in – convidar
Call of – cancelar
Exemplo: I’m going to call off my medical appointment because I feel much better now.
Call out – gritar para
Call up – telefonar
Exemplo: They called up the man.
To come – vir
Come across – encontrar por acaso
Come down – descer
Come in – entrar
Come off – sair, desprender-se
Come on – entrar em cena
Come out – sair
Come up – subir, surgir
To get – adquiri, obter
Get along with – dar-se bem com alguém
Get away – escapar
Get away with – safar-se
Get in – entrar
Get into – entrar
Get off – descer, apesar de
Get on – subir, montar
Get on with – continuar
Get out – sair
Exemplo: Get out of here!
Get over – superar, livra-se de
Get over with – terminar, acabar
Get up – levantar-se
Exemplo: I usually get up early.
To give – dar
Give away – doar
Exemplo: She gave away her old dress.
Give back – devolver
Give in – ceder, entregar-se
Give off – exalar
Give onto – dar para
Give up – desistir
To go – ir
Go after – ir atrás, perseguir
Go at – atacar lançar-se sobre
Go away – ir embora
Go down – descer
Go for – ir buscar
Go off – explodir
Go on – continuar
Go out – sair
Go over – rever, repassar
Go with – combinar com
Go up – subir
To look – olhar
Look after – cuidar de
Exemplo: Could you look after the children this evening?
Look at – olhar para
Look down on – menosprezar
Look for – procurar
Exemplo: What are you looking for?
Look forward – aguardar ansiosamente
Look into – examinar, analisar
Look out – tomar cuidado
Look up – consultar (livro, literatura)
Look up to – admirar
Exemplo: You have to look up the dollar exchange rate every day.
To make – fazer
Make into – transformar
Make off – fugir, escapar
Make out – preencher (cheque)
Make out – entender, captar
Make up – inventar, criar
Exemplo: You can attend classes on Saturdays to make up for the classes you missed.
Make up – fazer as pazes
To put – pôr, colocar
Put aside – guardar, economizar
Put away – guardar, pôr no lugar
Put off – adiar
Exemplo: I think I’ll have to put off my dental appointment.
Put on – vestir
Put out – pôr para fora
Exemplo: The firemen put out the fire.
Put up – hospedar
Put up with – tolerar, suportar
To run – correr
Run after – correr atrás
Run away – fugir
Run down – escorrer
Run into – encontrar inesperadamente
Run out of – ficar sem
Run over – atropelar
Exemplo: He ran over my bicycle with his car.
To take – tomar, levar
Take after – puxar, assemelhar-se
Take away – levar embora
Exemplo: Take it away from here.
Take down – anotar
Take in – enganar
Take off – tirar
Exemplo: Take your coat off!
Take on – contratar
Take out – levar para fora
Exemplo: I’m going to drink tonight and don’t try to talk me out of it.
Take over – assumir chefia, direção
São exemplos de Phrasal Verbs:
Verbo | Phrasal verbs |
To blow - soprar | To blow up – explodir Last night two men blew up our house. (Ontem à noite dois homens explodiram nossa casa). |
To break - quebrar | To break up – terminar um relacionamento. Bob broke up with Mary. (Bob terminou com a Mary). |
To call – chamar, ligar | To call off – cancelar The boss called off the meeting. (O chefe cancelou a reunião). |
To check – verificar, checar | To check in – registrar-se I’m going to check in as soon as I arrive at the hotel. (Eu irei me registrar assim que eu chegar ao hotel). |
To find - encontrar | To find out – descobrir When I saw that handsome boy in front of me, I found out that I was in love. (Quando eu vi aquele garoto lindo na minha frente, descobri que eu estava apaixonada). |
To give - dar | To give up – desistir The thieves gave up running when they saw the police officers. (Os ladrões desistiram de correr quando viram os policiais). |
To pass - passar | To pass away – falecer My grandfather passed away one month ago. (Meu avô faleceu há um mês). |
To stand - tolerar | To stand up – levantar. Stand up, please. (Levante-se, por favor). |
To take – levar, pegar | To take off – decolar The plane is taking off. (O avião está decolando). |
To try - tentar | To try on – experimentar I want to try on this skirt and this blouse. (Eu quero experimentar esta saia e esta blusa). |
To throw – jogar, atirar algo. | To throw up – vomitar Jack is throwing up for hours. I think it’s because he drank so much at the party yesterday. (Jack está vomitando há horas. Eu acho que é porque ele bebeu muito na festa ontem). |
Colaboradora Brasil Escola
Licenciada em Letras - Inglês pela Universidade Estadual de Goiás - UEG
Curso de aperfeiçoamento em Inglês pela Zoni Language Centers - Estados Unidos - EUA
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